Mliri wa COVID-19 unasintha makampani opanga zakudya padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira pa njira zogwirira ntchito mpaka pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri—ndipo kugula mbale za melamine, zomwe ndi maziko a ntchito za B2B zokhudzana ndi zakudya, sizinali zosiyana. Pamene makampaniwa analowa mu nthawi ya pambuyo pa mliri (2023–2024), ogula mbale za melamine ku B2B—kuphatikizapo malo odyera, malo odyera amakampani, magulu ochereza alendo, ndi opereka chithandizo cha zakudya m'mabungwe—asintha maganizo awo kuchoka pa kuyang'anira mavuto kwakanthawi kochepa kupita ku kupirira kwa nthawi yayitali, chitetezo, ndi kukonza ndalama.
Kuti tipeze zosowa zomwe zikusinthazi, gulu lathu linachita kafukufuku wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (Januware–June 2024) wokhudza ogula 327 a B2B ku North America, Europe, ndi Asia. Kafukufukuyu anaphatikizapo kafukufuku, kuyankhulana mozama, ndi kusanthula deta yogula, cholinga chake chinali kuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika, malo opweteka, ndi njira zopangira zisankho pakugula mbale za melamine pambuyo pa mliri. Pepala loyera ili likuwonetsa zomwe zapezeka, kupereka chidziwitso chothandiza kwa ogulitsa, ogulitsa, ndi ogula omwe.
1. Mbiri ya Kafukufuku: Chifukwa Chake Kugula Zinthu Zopangidwa ndi Melamine Pambuyo pa Mliri N'kofunika
Mliriwu usanachitike, kugula mbale za melamine za B2B kunkachitika makamaka chifukwa cha zinthu zitatu: mtengo, kulimba, komanso kukongola kwake mogwirizana ndi mtundu wake. Komabe, mliriwu unayambitsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri—monga kutsatira ukhondo, kukhazikika kwa unyolo woperekera zakudya, komanso kusinthasintha kuti zigwirizane ndi kufunikira kosinthasintha (monga kusintha mwadzidzidzi kuchoka pakudya kupita ku chakudya chodyera).
Pamene zoletsazo zachotsedwa, ogula sanasiye zinthu zatsopanozi; m'malo mwake, adaziphatikiza mu njira zogulira zinthu za nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, 78% ya omwe adafunsidwa kafukufukuyu adati "zisatifiketi zokhudzana ndi ukhondo," zomwe zidasanduka chofunikira cha nthawi yamavuto, tsopano zikugwira ntchito ngati maziko osakambirana posankha ogulitsa - kuchokera pa 32% yokha isanafike mliri. Kusinthaku kukuwonetsa malingaliro ambiri amakampani: kugula zinthu pambuyo pa mliri sikungokhala "kungogula zinthu" koma "kudalirika kwa kugula zinthu."
Chitsanzo cha kafukufukuyu, chomwe chinali ndi ogwira ntchito m'malesitilanti 156 (47.7%), magulu 89 ochereza alendo (27.2%), oyang'anira ma cafeteria amakampani 53 (16.2%), ndi ophika chakudya m'mabungwe 29 (8.9%), chimapereka gawo la kufunikira kwa B2B. Onse omwe akutenga nawo mbali amasamalira bajeti ya pachaka yogulira mbale za melamine kuyambira 50,000 mpaka 2 miliyoni, kuonetsetsa kuti zomwe zapezekazo zikuwonetsa zomwe zikuchitika komanso zogwirizana ndi makampani.
2. Zochitika Zofunika Kwambiri Zogulira Zinthu Pambuyo pa Mliri: Chidziwitso Chochokera ku Deta
2.1 Njira 1: Chitetezo ndi Kutsatira Malamulo Choyamba—Zikalata Sizingathe Kukambidwanso
Pambuyo pa mliri, ogula a B2B akweza chitetezo kuchokera ku "zokonda" kupita ku "lamulo." Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti 91% ya ogula tsopano amafuna kuti ogulitsa apereke ziphaso za anthu ena za mbale za melamine, poyerekeza ndi 54% isanafike mliri. Ziphaso zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri ndi izi:
FDA 21 CFR Gawo 177.1460: Kuti chakudya chikhale chotetezeka (chomwe chikufunika ndi 88% ya ogula aku North America).
LFGB (Germany): Pa misika ya ku Ulaya (yofunikira kwa 92% ya omwe adayankha ku EU).
Kuyesa kwa SGS Food Grade: Muyeso wapadziko lonse lapansi, wopemphedwa ndi 76% ya ogula m'madera ambiri.
Satifiketi Yotsutsa Kutentha Kwambiri: Yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zoyeretsa pambuyo pa mliri (monga makina otsukira mbale amalonda omwe amagwira ntchito pa 85°C+), zomwe 83% ya ogula malo odyera ambiri amafunikira.
Chitsanzo cha Chitsanzo: Unyolo wofulumira wokhazikika ku US wokhala ndi malo opitilira 200 unanena kuti walowa m'malo mwa ogulitsa atatu a nthawi yayitali mu 2023 chifukwa cholephera kusintha ziphaso zawo zotsutsana ndi kutentha kwambiri. "Pambuyo pa mliriwu, njira zathu zotsukira zinyalala zinakhala zovuta kwambiri—sitingathe kuyika pachiwopsezo kupotoza kapena kutulutsa mankhwala," adatero mkulu wogula zinthu wa unyolowu. "Ziphaso sizilinso zolemba chabe; ndi umboni wakuti tikuteteza makasitomala."
2.2 Njira Yachiwiri: Kukonza Mtengo—Kulimba Kuposa “Mtengo Wotsika”
Ngakhale mtengo ukadali wofunika, ogula tsopano akuika patsogolo mtengo wonse wa umwini (TCO) kuposa mtengo woyambirira—kusintha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mavuto a bajeti a nthawi ya mliri. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti 73% ya ogula ali okonzeka kulipira mtengo wa 10-15% wa mbale za melamine zokhala ndi kulimba kotsimikizika (monga, nthawi zogwiritsidwa ntchito zoposa 10,000), poyerekeza ndi 41% mliri usanachitike. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala nthawi yayitali zimachepetsa ndalama zosinthira ndi zoyendera (monga, kutumiza kochepa, zinyalala zochepa).
Deta kuchokera kwa omwe adafunsidwa kafukufukuyu ikuchirikiza izi: Ogula omwe adasinthira ku melamine yolimba kwambiri adanenanso kuti mitengo yogulira zinthu zapakhomo yatsika ndi 22%, ngakhale mtengo wake utakhala wokwera kwambiri. Ziwerengero zazikulu zokhazikika zomwe zikukhudza kugula ndi izi:
Kukana kugwedezeka (kuyesedwa kudzera mu mayeso oponya a 1.2m pa konkire).
Kukana kukanda (komwe kumayesedwa ndi miyezo ya ASTM D7027).
Kukana kuipitsidwa ndi zakudya zokhala ndi asidi (monga msuzi wa phwetekere, citrus).
Chitsanzo cha Chitsanzo: Gulu la alendo ku Ulaya lomwe linali ndi mahotela 35 linasintha n’kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito melamine yolimba mu 2024. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wake unali wokwera ndi 12%, mtengo wosinthira wa gululo unatsika kuchoka pa 18% kufika pa 5%, zomwe zinachepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka ndi $48,000. "Tinkakonda kufunafuna mbale zotsika mtengo kwambiri, koma kusintha kosalekeza kunadya ndalama zathu," anatero woyang’anira unyolo wogulitsa wa gululo. "Tsopano, tikuwerengera TCO—ndipo kulimba kumapambana nthawi iliyonse."
2.3 Njira Yachitatu: Kulimba Mtima kwa Unyolo Wopereka Zinthu—Kukhala ndi Malo + Kusiyanasiyana
Mliriwu unawonetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha unyolo wopereka zinthu padziko lonse lapansi (monga kuchedwa kwa madoko, kusowa kwa zinthu), zomwe zinapangitsa ogula a B2B kuika patsogolo kulimba mtima pakugula mbale za melamine. Njira ziwiri zikulamulira:
Kupezeka kwa malo: 68% ya ogula awonjezera gawo lawo la ogulitsa am'deralo/chigawo (omwe amatanthauza mkati mwa 1,000km kuchokera pomwe agwira ntchito) kuti achepetse nthawi yopezera makasitomala. Mwachitsanzo, ogula aku North America tsopano akugula 45% ya mbale za melamine kuchokera kwa ogulitsa aku US/Mexico, kuchokera pa 28% isanafike mliriwu.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa Ogulitsa: 79% ya ogula tsopano amagwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa melamine oposa atatu (kuchokera pa awiri omwe anali asanakumane ndi mliri) kuti apewe kusokonezeka ngati wogulitsa m'modzi akukumana ndi kuchedwa kapena kusowa.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kugawa malo sikutanthauza kusiya ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi—42% ya ogula m'madera ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito “chitsanzo chosakanizidwa”: ogulitsa am'deralo ogulitsa zinthu wamba komanso ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi pazinthu zapadera (monga mbale zosindikizidwa mwapadera).
Chitsanzo: Lesitilanti ina ya ku Asia yokhala ndi malo 150 ku China ndi Southeast Asia idagwiritsa ntchito njira yosakanikirana mu 2023. Idapeza 60% ya mbale/mbale za melamine wamba kuchokera kwa ogulitsa aku China (nthawi zoyambira masiku 3-5) ndi 40% ya mathireyi opangidwa mwapadera kuchokera kwa ogulitsa aku Japan (nthawi zoyambira masabata 2-3). "Pa nthawi ya zipolowe za doko ku Shanghai mu 2023, sitinathe chifukwa tinali ndi othandizira akumaloko," adatero mtsogoleri wogula wa chain. "Kusintha si ntchito yowonjezera—ndi inshuwaransi."
2.4 Njira Yachinayi: Kusintha kwa Makonda Kuti Mtundu Ukhale Wosiyana—Kupitirira “Kufanana ndi Kukula Kumodzi”
Pamene magalimoto akukwera m'malesitilanti, ogula a B2B akugwiritsa ntchito mbale za melamine kuti alimbikitse kudziwika kwa kampani yawo—chizolowezi chomwe chimawonjezeka chifukwa cha mpikisano womwe unachitika pambuyo pa mliri. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti 65% ya ogula malo odyera ambiri tsopano akupempha mbale za melamine (monga mitundu ya malonda, ma logo, mawonekedwe apadera), kuchokera pa 38% isanafike mliri.
Zofunikira zazikulu pakukonza zinthu ndi izi:
Kufananiza mitundu: 81% ya ogula amafuna kuti ogulitsa agwirizane ndi mitundu ya mtundu wa Pantone.
Ma logo ochepa: 72% amakonda kusindikiza chizindikiro chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito potsuka mbale (kupewa kusweka kapena kutha).
Mapangidwe osungira malo: 67% ya maunyolo odyera wamba amapempha mbale zokhazikika kapena zokhazikika kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino posungira zinthu kukhitchini.
Ogulitsa omwe amapereka zosintha mwachangu (monga nthawi yopereka makasitomala kwa milungu iwiri mpaka itatu poyerekeza ndi milungu inayi mpaka isanu ndi umodzi) akupeza mwayi wopikisana. 59% ya ogula adati asintha ogulitsa kuti akwaniritse mwachangu zomwe akufuna.
3. Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Zokhudza Ogula B2B (ndi Momwe Mungawathandizire)
Ngakhale kuti zochitikazi zikuwonetsa mwayi, kafukufukuyu adapezanso zinthu zitatu zomwe zimapweteka kwambiri pakupeza zinthu pambuyo pa mliri:
3.1 Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri Yokhudza Ululu: Kulinganiza Chitetezo, Kulimba, ndi Mtengo
45% ya ogula adanena kuti akuvutika kupeza ogulitsa omwe akukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zitatu - otetezeka, olimba, komanso otsika mtengo. Yankho: Ogula akugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri "makadi owerengera ogulitsa" omwe amalemera chinthu chilichonse (monga, chitetezo cha 40%, kulimba kwa 35%, mtengo wa 25%) kuti ayerekezere zosankha moyenera. Ogulitsa amatha kudzisiyanitsa okha popereka zowerengera zowonekera za TCO (monga, "Mbale iyi imawononga 1.20up frontbutsaves 0.80 pachaka m'malo").
3.2 Mfundo Yopweteka 2: Ubwino Wosasinthasintha wa Wogulitsa
38% ya ogula adawona kuti ogulitsa ena "amalonjeza mopitirira muyeso ndipo amakwaniritsa zosowa" pa satifiketi kapena kulimba. Yankho: 62% ya ogula tsopano amachita kafukufuku wa pre-shipping (PSI) kudzera mwa owunika a chipani chachitatu (monga SGS, Intertek). Ogulitsa amatha kudalirana popereka PSI yaulere kwa maoda akuluakulu.
3.3 Mfundo Yopweteka 3: Kuyankha Mochedwerako pa Kusintha kwa Kufunikira
32% ya ogula adavutika ndi kulephera kwa ogulitsa kusintha maoda mwachangu (monga kukwera mwadzidzidzi kwa kufunikira kwa chakudya chotengedwa chomwe chimafuna mbale zambiri). Yankho: Ogula akuika patsogolo ogulitsa ndi "ma MOQ osinthika (kuchuluka kwa maoda ochepa)" (monga ma unit 500 motsutsana ndi ma unit 2,000). 73% ya ogula adati ma MOQ osinthika ndi chinthu "chapamwamba 3" chomwe chimasankhidwa ndi ogulitsa.
4. Chiyembekezo cha M'tsogolo: Kodi Zotsatira za Kugula Zinthu Zopangira Melamine Zidzakhala Zotani?
Poganizira za 2025, zinthu ziwiri zomwe zikubwera zidzasintha malo:
Melamine Yosawononga Chilengedwe: 58% ya ogula adati adzaika patsogolo "melamine yokhazikika" (monga, yopangidwa ndi utomoni wobwezerezedwanso, 100% yobwezerezedwanso) mkati mwa zaka ziwiri. Ogulitsa omwe amaika ndalama pazinthu zosawononga chilengedwe adzatenga gawo pamsika msanga.
Zida Zogulira Zinthu Pa digito: 64% ya ogula akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito nsanja zogulira zinthu za B2B (monga TablewarePro, ProcureHub) kuti azitha kuyitanitsa zinthu mosavuta, kutsatira kutumiza, komanso kusamalira ubale wa ogulitsa. Ogulitsa omwe ali ndi njira yolumikizira zinthu pa digito (monga API yopezera njira yotsatirira zinthu) adzakondedwa.
5. Mapeto
Kugula mbale za melamine pambuyo pa mliri kumatanthauzidwa ndi "zabwinobwino": chitetezo ndi kulimba mtima sizingakambirane, kulimba kumapangitsa kuti ndalama zikonzedwe bwino, ndipo kusintha kwa mtundu kumathandizira kusiyanitsa mitundu. Kwa ogula a B2B, kupambana kuli pakulinganiza zinthu zofunika izi ndikupanga ubale wosinthasintha wa ogulitsa. Kwa ogulitsa, mwayi ndi wowonekera: yika ndalama mu ziphaso, kusintha mwachangu, ndi mauthenga owonekera a TCO kuti akwaniritse zosowa zomwe zikusintha.
Pamene makampani ogulitsa zakudya akupitilizabe kuchira ndikukula, mbale za melamine zidzakhalabe gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchito—ndipo njira zogulira zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika pambuyo pa mliriwu zidzakhala chinsinsi cha kupambana kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zambiri zaife
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-15-2025