Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lwashintsha imboni yezinsizakalo zokudla emhlabeni wonke, kusukela kumamodeli okusebenza kuya ezintweni eziza kuqala ngochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo—kanye nokuthengwa kwezitsha zokudla ze-melamine, okuyisisekelo semisebenzi yezinsizakalo zokudla ze-B2B, kwakungenjalo. Njengoba imboni ingena enkathini yangemva kobhubhane (2023-2024), abathengi be-B2B bezinto zokudla ze-melamine—kufaka phakathi izindawo zokudlela ezihambisanayo, ama-cafeteria ezinkampani, amaqembu okungenisa izihambi, kanye nabahlinzeki bokupheka bezikhungo—bashintshe ukugxila kwabo ekuphathweni kwenhlekelele yesikhathi esifushane baya ekuqineni kwesikhathi eside, ukuphepha, kanye nokwenza ngcono izindleko.
Ukuze sibambe lezi zidingo ezishintshayo, ithimba lethu lenze ucwaningo lwezinyanga eziyisithupha (Januwari-Juni 2024) oluhilela abathengi be-B2B abangu-327 kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika, eYurophu nase-Asia. Ucwaningo luhlanganise izinhlolovo, izingxoxo ezijulile, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yokuthengwa kwezimpahla, okuhlose ukuhlonza izitayela ezibalulekile, amaphuzu abuhlungu, kanye nezindlela zokwenza izinqumo ekuthengweni kwe-melamine tableware ngemva kobhubhane. Leli phepha elimhlophe liveza okutholakele okuyinhloko, okunikeza ukuqonda okusebenzayo kubahlinzeki, abasabalalisi, kanye nabathengi ngokufanayo.
1. Isizinda Socwaningo: Kungani Ukuthengwa Kwangemva Kobhubhane Kubalulekile Ezitsheni Ze-Melamine
Ngaphambi kobhubhane, ukuthengwa kwezitsha ze-melamine ze-B2B kwakuqhutshwa kakhulu yizici ezintathu: izindleko, ukuqina, kanye nokuhambisana kobuhle nobunikazi bomkhiqizo. Nokho, ubhubhane wethule izinto eziza kuqala eziphuthumayo—okungukuthi, ukuhambisana nokuhlanzeka, ukuzinza kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa, kanye nokuguquguquka kokuzivumelanisa nesidingo esishintshashintshayo (isb., ukushintsha okungazelelwe kusuka ekudleni kuya ekudleni).
Njengoba imikhawulo isusiwe, abathengi abazange bayeke lezi zinto ezintsha eziza kuqala; kunalokho, bazihlanganisa namasu okuthenga esikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ama-78% abaphendulile ocwaningweni baphawule ukuthi "izitifiketi ezihlobene nokuhlanzeka," okwaba yimfuneko yesikhathi esibucayi, manje zisebenza njengesisekelo esingenakuxoxiswana ngaso sokukhethwa kwabahlinzeki - kusukela kuma-32% kuphela ngaphambi kobhubhane. Lolu shintsho lubonisa isimo sengqondo esibanzi embonini: ukuthenga ngemva kobhubhane akusekho nje "ngokuthola imikhiqizo" kodwa "ukuthembeka kokuthola imikhiqizo."
Isampula yocwaningo, eyayihlanganisa abaqhubi bezindawo zokudlela abangu-156 (47.7%), amaqembu okungenisa izihambi angu-89 (27.2%), abaphathi bezindawo zokudlela abangu-53 (16.2%), kanye nabaphathi bezindawo zokudlela abangu-29 (8.9%), inikeza ingxenye ebanzi yesidingo se-B2B. Bonke ababambiqhaza baphatha isabelomali sonyaka sokuthengwa kwezitsha ze-melamine ezisukela ku-50,000 kuya ku-2 million, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okutholakele kubonisa ukuthambekela okukhuliswayo, okuhlobene nemboni.
2. Izitayela Eziyinhloko Zokuthengwa Ngemva Kobhubhane: Ukuqonda Okuqhutshwa Yidatha
2.1 Umkhuba 1: Ukuphepha Nokuthobela Imithetho Kuqala—Izitifiketi Azixoxiswani
Ngemva kobhubhane, abathengi be-B2B bakhuphule ukuphepha kusuka "kokuthandayo" kuya "ekugunyazweni." Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ama-91% abathengi manje adinga abahlinzeki ukuthi banikeze izitifiketi zenkampani yangaphandle ze-melamine tableware, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-54% angaphambi kobhubhane. Izitifiketi ezifunwa kakhulu zifaka:
I-FDA 21 CFR Ingxenye 177.1460: Ukuphepha kokuxhumana kokudla (kudingeka yi-88% yabathengi baseNyakatho Melika).
I-LFGB (eJalimane): Kwezimakethe zaseYurophu (kuphoqelekile ku-92% wabaphenduli abasekelwe e-EU).
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinga Lokudla le-SGS: Ukuhlolwa komhlaba wonke, okucelwe yi-76% yabathengi bezifunda eziningi.
Isitifiketi Sokumelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu: Sibalulekile emikhubeni yokuhlanzeka ngemva kobhubhane (isb., imishini yokugeza izitsha yezentengiselwano esebenza ku-85°C+), edingekayo yi-83% yabathengi bezindawo zokudlela.
Isibonelo Sesibonelo: Uchungechunge olusheshayo olusebenza ngokushesha olusekelwe e-US olunezindawo ezingaphezu kuka-200 lubike ukuthi luthathe indawo yabahlinzeki abathathu besikhathi eside ngo-2023 ngoba behlulekile ukuvuselela izitifiketi zabo zokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. “Ngemva kobhubhane, izinqubo zethu zokuhlanza zibe nzima kakhulu—asikwazi ukufaka engcupheni ukusonteka noma ukukhipha amakhemikhali etafuleni,” kusho umqondisi wokuthengwa kwezimpahla kulolu chungechunge. “Izitifiketi aziseyona nje imibhalo; ziwubufakazi bokuthi sivikela amakhasimende.”
2.2 Umkhuba 2: Ukuthuthukisa Izindleko—Ukuqina Ngaphezu “Kwentengo Ephansi”
Nakuba izindleko zisabalulekile, abathengi manje sebebeka phambili izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (i-TCO) kunentengo ekhokhwa kusengaphambili—ushintsho olubangelwa yingcindezi yesabelomali sesikhathi sobhubhane. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abathengi abangu-73% bazimisele ukukhokha iphrimiyamu engu-10-15% yezitsha ze-melamine eziqinile (isb., imijikelezo yokusetshenziswa engaphezu kuka-10,000), uma kuqhathaniswa no-41% wangaphambi kobhubhane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo ehlala isikhathi eside inciphisa izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni kanye nezokuthutha (isb., ukuthunyelwa okumbalwa, imfucuza encane).
Idatha evela kwabaphendulile ocwaningweni iyakusekela lokhu: Abathengi abashintshele ku-melamine eqinile babike ukwehla okungu-22% kwezindleko zokuthenga izitsha zokudla zaminyaka yonke, ngisho noma intengo iphezulu kusengaphambili. Izilinganiso ezibalulekile zokuqina manje ezithonya ukuthengwa zifaka:
Ukumelana nokushayisana (kuhlolwe ngokuhlolwa kokuwa okungu-1.2m kukhonkolo).
Ukumelana nokuklwebheka (kulinganiswa ngezindinganiso ze-ASTM D7027).
Ukumelana nokungcola okuvela ekudleni okune-asidi (isb., isosi katamatisi, i-citrus).
Isibonelo Sesibonelo: Iqembu laseYurophu lokungenisa izihambi elinamahhotela angu-35 lashintshela kulayini we-melamine oqinile ngo-2024. Ngenkathi izindleko zangaphambilini zaziphezulu ngo-12%, izinga lokushintsha kwekota leqembu lehle lisuka ku-18% laya ku-5%, lanciphisa izindleko zonyaka ngo-$48,000. “Sasivame ukuphishekela amapuleti ashibhile kakhulu, kodwa ukushintsha njalo kwadla isabelomali sethu,” kusho umphathi we-supply chain weqembu. “Manje, sibala i-TCO—futhi ukuqina kuyawina njalo.”
2.3 Ithrendi 3: Ukuqina Kochungechunge Lokunikezela—Ukwenziwa Kwendawo + Ukuhlukahluka
Ubhubhane luveze ubuthakathaka ezindleleni zokuhlinzeka ngogesi emhlabeni jikelele (isib. ukubambezeleka kwamachweba, ukushoda kwezinto zokwakha), okwenza abathengi be-B2B babeke phambili ukuqina kokuthengwa kwe-melamine tableware. Amasu amabili abusayo:
Ukwenziwa kwendawo: Abathengi abangu-68% bandise isabelo sabo sabaphakeli bendawo/besifunda (okuchazwa njengokungaphakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-1,000 ukusuka ekusebenzeni kwabo) ukuze banciphise izikhathi zokulethwa. Isibonelo, abathengi baseNyakatho Melika manje bathola u-45% wezitsha ze-melamine ezivela kubaphakeli base-US/Mexico, kusukela ku-28% wangaphambi kobhubhane.
Ukuhlukahluka Kwabahlinzeki: Abathengi abangu-79% manje basebenzisana nabahlinzeki be-melamine abangaphezu kwabangu-3 (kusukela kwababili ngaphambi kobhubhane) ukuze bagweme ukuphazamiseka uma umhlinzeki oyedwa ebhekene nokubambezeleka noma ukuntuleka.
Okuphawulekayo ukuthi ukwenziwa kwendawo akusho ukuthi kufanele ubashiye ngokuphelele abahlinzeki bomhlaba wonke—42% wabathengi bezifunda eziningi basebenzisa “imodeli ehlanganisiwe”: abahlinzeki bendawo bezimpahla ezivamile kanye nabahlinzeki bomhlaba wonke bemikhiqizo ekhethekile (isb., izitsha zokudla eziphrintiwe ngokwezifiso).
Isibonelo Sesibonelo: Indawo yokudlela yase-Asia enezindawo ezingu-150 eShayina naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia yamukela isu elihlanganisiwe ngo-2023. Ithola ama-60% ezitsha/amapuleti e-melamine ajwayelekile kubahlinzeki bendawo baseShayina (izikhathi zokulethwa kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5) kanye nama-40% amathreyi abhalwe ngokwezifiso kumhlinzeki waseJapan (izikhathi zokulethwa kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3). “Ngesikhathi semibhikisho yasechwebeni ka-2023 eShanghai, asizange siphelelwe yisitokwe ngoba sasinabasekeli bendawo,” kusho umholi wokuthengwa kwenkampani. “Ukuhlukahluka akuwona umsebenzi owengeziwe—kungumshuwalense.”
2.4 Ithrendi 4: Ukwenza Ngokwezifiso Ukwehluka Komkhiqizo—Ngale “Konke Kufanelana Nosayizi Owodwa”
Njengoba ithrafikhi yokudla ibuya, abathengi be-B2B basebenzisa izitsha zetafula ze-melamine ukuqinisa ubunikazi bomkhiqizo—umkhuba osheshiswa umncintiswano wangemva kobhubhane. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ama-65% abathengi bezindawo zokudlela manje bacela izitsha zetafula ze-melamine ezenziwe ngokwezifiso (isb., imibala yomkhiqizo, ama-logo, izimo ezihlukile), kusuka kuma-38% wangaphambi kobhubhane.
Izidingo ezibalulekile zokwenza ngokwezifiso zifaka:
Ukufaniswa kwemibala: Abathengi abangu-81% badinga ukuthi abaphakeli bafane nemibala yomkhiqizo we-Pantone.
Ama-logo amancane: 72% bakhetha ukuphrinta ama-logo ngendlela engabonakali, ephephile ekuhlanzeni izitsha (ukugwema ukuxebuka noma ukufiphala).
Imiklamo yokonga isikhala: Ama-67% ezitolo zokudlela ezivamile acela izitsha zokudla ezifakwayo noma ezifakwayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe indawo yokugcina ekhishini.
Abahlinzeki abanikeza ukwenza ngokwezifiso okusheshayo (isb., izikhathi zokuhola zamasonto ama-2-3 uma kuqhathaniswa namasonto ama-4-6) bathola ithuba lokuncintisana. Abathengi abangama-59% bathi bazoshintsha abahlinzeki ukuze bafeze i-oda elenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokushesha.
3. Amaphuzu Aphezulu Obuhlungu Kubathengi Be-B2B (Nendlela Yokubhekana Nawo)
Nakuba izitayela ziqokomisa amathuba, ucwaningo luphinde lwabona amaphuzu amathathu abuhlungu aqhubekayo ekuthengweni kwemithi ngemva kobhubhane:
3.1 Ubuhlungu Iphuzu 1: Ukulinganisela Ukuphepha, Ukuqina, kanye Nezindleko
Abathengi abangu-45% babike ukuthi banenkinga yokuthola abahlinzeki abahlangabezana nazo zonke lezi zidingo ezintathu—okuphephile, okuhlala isikhathi eside, kanye nokonga imali. Isixazululo: Abathengi basebenzisa kakhulu “amakhadi okuhlola abahlinzeki” alinganisa isici ngasinye (isb., ukuphepha okungu-40%, ukuqina okungu-35%, izindleko ezingu-25%) ukuze baqhathanise izinketho ngobuqotho. Abahlinzeki bangazihlukanisa ngokunikeza ama-calculator e-TCO asobala (isb., “Leli plate libiza u-1.20up frontbutsaves 0.80 ngonyaka ngokushintshana”).
3.2 Iphuzu Lobuhlungu 2: Ikhwalithi Yomhlinzeki Engaguquguquki
Abathengi abangu-38% baphawule ukuthi abanye abahlinzeki “bathembisa ngokweqile futhi banikeza okungaphansi” uma befaka izitifiketi noma behlala isikhathi eside. Isixazululo: Abathengi abangu-62% manje benza ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa (i-PSI) ngabahloli bezinkampani zangaphandle (isib. i-SGS, i-Intertek). Abahlinzeki bangakha ukwethembana ngokunikeza i-PSI yamahhala kuma-oda amakhulu.
3.3 Iphuzu Lobuhlungu 3: Ukusabela Okuhamba Kancane Ekushintsheni Kwesidingo
Abathengi abangu-32% bahlushwa ukungakwazi kwabahlinzeki ukulungisa ama-oda ngokushesha (isb., ukwanda okungazelelwe kwesidingo sokukhipha ukudla okudinga izitsha ezengeziwe). Isixazululo: Abathengi babeka phambili abahlinzeki “ngama-MOQ aguquguqukayo (ubuningi be-oda obuncane)” (isb., amayunithi angu-500 uma kuqhathaniswa namayunithi angu-2,000). Abathengi abangu-73% bathi ama-MOQ aguquguqukayo ayisici “esiphezulu kwezi-3” sokukhetha abahlinzeki.
4. Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo: Yini Elandelayo Ngokuthengwa Kwezinto Zokupheka Ze-Melamine?
Uma sibheka phambili ku-2025, izitayela ezimbili ezintsha zizokwakha indawo:
I-Melamine Enobungani Nemvelo: Abathengi abangu-58% bathi bazobeka phambili "i-melamine eqhubekayo" (isb., eyenziwe nge-resin ephinde yasetshenziswa, ephinde yasetshenziswa ngo-100%) zingakapheli iminyaka emi-2. Abahlinzeki abatshala imali ezintweni ezinobungani nemvelo bazobamba isabelo semakethe kusenesikhathi.
Amathuluzi Okuthenga Ngedijithali: Abathengi abangu-64% bahlela ukusebenzisa amapulatifomu okuthenga e-B2B (isb., TablewarePro, ProcureHub) ukuze kube lula uku-oda, ukulandelela ukuthunyelwa, kanye nokuphatha ubudlelwano nabaphakeli. Abaphakeli abanokuhlanganiswa kwedijithali (isb., ukufinyelela kwe-API kokulandelela ama-oda) bazokhethwa.
5. Isiphetho
Ukuthengwa kwezitsha ze-melamine ngemuva kobhubhane kuchazwa "ngokujwayelekile okusha": ukuphepha nokuqina akunakuxoxiswana ngakho, ukuqina kuqhuba ukwenziwa ngcono kwezindleko, futhi ukwenza ngokwezifiso kusekela ukwahluka komkhiqizo. Kubathengi be-B2B, impumelelo itholakala ekulinganiseni lezi zinto eziza kuqala kanye nokwakha ubudlelwano nabaphakeli obuguquguqukayo. Kubahlinzeki, ithuba licacile: tshala imali kuzitifiketi, ukwenza ngokwezifiso okusheshayo, kanye nemiyalezo ye-TCO esobala ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esishintshashintshayo.
Njengoba imboni yezinsizakalo zokudla iqhubeka nokululama nokukhula, izitsha zokudla ze-melamine zizohlala ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza—futhi amasu okuthenga ahambisana nalezi zindlela zangemva kobhubhane azoba yisihluthulelo sempumelelo yesikhathi eside.
Mayelana NATHI
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 15-2025