Ubhubhane we-COVID-19 utshintshe ishishini leenkonzo zokutya kwihlabathi liphela, ukusuka kwiimodeli zokusebenza ukuya kwizinto eziphambili zekhonkco lokubonelela ngeenkonzo—kunye nokuthengwa kwezitya ze-melamine, isiseko semisebenzi yeenkonzo zokutya ze-B2B, kwakungenjalo. Njengoko eli shishini lingena kwixesha lasemva kobhubhane (2023–2024), abathengi be-B2B bezitya ze-melamine—kuquka iindawo zokutyela ezithengisa izinto, iivenkile zokutyela zeenkampani, amaqela okwamkela iindwendwe, kunye nababoneleli bokutya bezikhungo—batshintshe ingqwalasela yabo ukusuka kulawulo lwexesha elifutshane ukuya kulawulo lokumelana nexesha elide, ukhuseleko, kunye nokwenza ngcono iindleko.
Ukuze sibambe ezi mfuno zitshintshayo, iqela lethu lenze uphando lweenyanga ezintandathu (ngoJanuwari ukuya kuJuni 2024) olubandakanya abathengi be-B2B abangama-327 kulo lonke elaseMntla Melika, eYurophu nase-Asia. Olu phononongo luquke uphando, udliwanondlebe olunzulu, kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha yokuthengwa kwezinto, lujolise ekuchongeni iindlela eziphambili, iindawo ezibuhlungu, kunye neendlela zokwenza izigqibo ekuthengweni kwezinto zokulungisa i-melamine emva kobhubhane. Eli phepha limhlophe libonisa iziphumo eziphambili, linika ulwazi olusebenzayo kubaboneleli, abasasazi, kunye nabathengi ngokufanayo.
1. Imvelaphi yoPhando: Kutheni Ukuthengwa kweMelamine Tableware Emva koBundlobongela Kubalulekile
Ngaphambi kobhubhane, ukuthengwa kwezitya ze-melamine ze-B2B kwakuqhutywa ikakhulu zizinto ezintathu: iindleko, ukuqina, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kobuhle kunye nophawu lophawu. Nangona kunjalo, ubhubhane wazisa izinto eziza kuqala—oko kukuthi, ukuthotyelwa kococeko, uzinzo lwekhonkco lokubonelela, kunye nokuguquguquka kokuziqhelanisa neemfuno eziguquguqukayo (umz., utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ukusuka ekutyeni ukuya ekutyeni).
Njengoko imiqathango isusiwe, abathengi abazange bazilahle ezi zinto zibalulekileyo; endaweni yoko, bazidibanisa nezicwangciso zokuthenga zexesha elide. Umzekelo, ama-78% abaphenduli bophando baphawule ukuba "iziqinisekiso ezinxulumene nococeko," ezibe yimfuneko yexesha lentlekele, ngoku zisebenza njengesiseko esingenakuxoxiswana sokukhethwa kwababoneleli - ukusuka kuma-32% kuphela ngaphambi kobhubhane. Olu tshintsho lubonisa indlela yokucinga ebanzi kushishino: ukuthengwa emva kobhubhane akusekho nje malunga "nokufumana iimveliso" kodwa "nokuthembeka kokufumana izinto."
Isampulu yophando, equka abaqhubi beendawo zokutyela ezili-156 (47.7%), amaqela okwamkela iindwendwe angama-89 (27.2%), abaphathi beevenkile zokutyela ezingama-53 (16.2%), kunye nabapheki beziko abangama-29 (8.9%), inika icandelo elibanzi lemfuno ye-B2B. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba balawula uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lonyaka lokuthengwa kwezixhobo ze-melamine eziqala kwi-50,000 ukuya kwi-2 yezigidi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zibonisa iindlela ezinokulinganiswa, ezihambelana noshishino.
2. Iindlela eziphambili zokuthenga emva kobhubhane: Ulwazi oluqhutywa yidatha
2.1 Umkhwa 1: Ukhuseleko kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho Kuqala—Iziqinisekiso azixoxiswani
Emva kobhubhane, abathengi be-B2B baphakamise ukhuseleko ukusuka "kokukhetha" ukuya "kwigunya." Olu phando lufumanise ukuba ama-91% abathengi ngoku bafuna ababoneleli ukuba banike izatifikethi zabantu besithathu ze-melamine tableware, xa kuthelekiswa nama-54% angaphambi kobhubhane. Ezona zatifikethi zifunwa kakhulu ziquka:
I-FDA 21 CFR Icandelo 177.1460: Ukhuseleko lokunxibelelana kokutya (olufunekayo yi-88% yabathengi baseMntla Melika).
I-LFGB (eJamani): Kwiimarike zaseYurophu (kuyimfuneko kwi-92% yabaphenduli abasekelwe kwi-EU).
Uvavanyo lwe-SGS lweNqanaba lokutya: Umlinganiselo wehlabathi, ocelwe yi-76% yabathengi bemimandla emininzi.
Isiqinisekiso Sokumelana Nobushushu Obuphezulu: Sibaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi yokucoca emva kobhubhane (umz., iimashini zokuhlamba izitya zorhwebo ezisebenza kuma-85°C+), ezifunekayo yi-83% yabathengi beevenkile zokutyela.
Umzekelo weTyala: Ikhonkco elikhawulezayo elisebenza ngokukhawuleza elise-US elineendawo ezingaphezu kwama-200 libike ukuba lithathe indawo yababoneleli abathathu bexesha elide ngo-2023 kuba behlulekile ukuhlaziya iziqinisekiso zabo zokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. “Emva kobhubhane, imiqathango yethu yokucoca umzimba iye yaba ngqongqo—asinakukwazi ukubeka emngciphekweni ukugoba okanye ukukhuhla iikhemikhali kwitafile,” utshilo umlawuli wokuthengwa kwekhonkco. “Iziqinisekiso azisekho nje ngamaphepha; zibubungqina bokuba sikhusela abathengi.”
2.2 Umkhwa 2: Ukuphucula Iindleko—Ukuqina Ngaphezu “Kwexabiso Eliphantsi”
Nangona ixabiso lisabalulekile, abathengi ngoku babeka phambili ixabiso elipheleleyo lobunini (i-TCO) kunexabiso eliphambili—utshintsho oluqhutywa ziingcinezelo zebhajethi yexesha lobhubhane. Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba ama-73% abathengi bazimisele ukuhlawula iprimiyamu ye-10-15% yeetafile ze-melamine ezinokuqina okuqinisekisiweyo (umz., imijikelo yokusebenzisa engaphezu kwe-10,000), xa kuthelekiswa nama-41% ngaphambi kobhubhane. Oku kungenxa yokuba iimveliso ezihlala ixesha elide zinciphisa iindleko zokutshintshwa rhoqo kunye nezothutho (umz., ukuthunyelwa okuncinci, inkunkuma encinci).
Idatha evela kubantu abaphendule kuphando iyakuxhasa oku: Abathengi abatshintshele kwi-melamine ehlala ixesha elide baxele ukuba iindleko zokuthenga izitya zonyaka zehle ngama-22%, nangona ixabiso liphezulu kwangaphambili. Iimpawu zokuqina eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuthengwa ziquka:
Ukumelana nempembelelo (kuvavanywe ngovavanyo lokuwa kwe-1.2m kwikhonkrithi).
Ukumelana nokukrwela (kulinganiswa ngokwemigangatho ye-ASTM D7027).
Ukumelana nokudaya okuvela ekutyeni okune-asidi (umz., isosi yetumato, i-citrus).
Umzekelo weTyala: Iqela laseYurophu elinobundwendwe elineehotele ezingama-35 litshintshele kumgca we-melamine ohlala ixesha elide ngo-2024. Ngelixa ixabiso lokuqala laliphezulu nge-12%, izinga lokutshintshwa kweqela lekota lehle ukusuka kwi-18% ukuya kwi-5%, linciphisa iindleko zonyaka nge-$48,000. “Besisoloko silandela iipleyiti ezingabizi kakhulu, kodwa ukutshintshwa rhoqo kudla uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwethu,” utshilo umphathi wecandelo lokubonelela ngempahla yeqela. “Ngoku, sibala i-TCO—kwaye ukuqina kuyaphumelela ngalo lonke ixesha.”
2.3 Ithrendi 3: Ukumelana neTyeya loNikezelo—Ukwenziwa kwendawo + Ukwahlukahluka
Lo bhubhane utyhile ubuthathaka kwiindlela zokubonelela ngeenkonzo kwihlabathi liphela (umz., ukulibaziseka kweechweba, ukunqongophala kwezinto eziphathekayo), nto leyo ekhokelele abathengi be-B2B ekubeni babeke phambili ukuqina ekuthengeni izitya ze-melamine. Zimbini iindlela eziphambili:
Indawo: Ama-68% abathengi bandise isabelo sabo sababoneleli basekuhlaleni/bengingqi (esichazwe njenge-1,000km ukusuka kwimisebenzi yabo) ukunciphisa amaxesha okufumana isaphulelo. Umzekelo, abathengi baseMntla Melika ngoku bafumana ama-45% eetafile zemelamine kubaboneleli baseMelika/baseMexico, ukusuka kuma-28% ngaphambi kokuba kubekho ubhubhane.
Ukwahlukahlukana kwabaThengi: Ama-79% abathengi ngoku asebenzisana nababoneleli be-melamine abangaphezu kwama-3 (ukusuka kwaba-2 abangaphambi kobhubhane) ukuze baphephe ukuphazamiseka ukuba omnye umthengisi ujongene nokulibaziseka okanye ukunqongophala.
Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ukwenziwa kwendawo akuthethi ukuba abantu mabalahle ngokupheleleyo ababoneleli behlabathi—ama-42% abathengi beendawo ezininzi basebenzisa “imodeli ye-hybrid”: ababoneleli beendawo zentengiso eziqhelekileyo kunye nababoneleli behlabathi bemveliso ekhethekileyo (umz., izitya zetafile eziprintiweyo ngokwezifiso).
Umzekelo weSimo: Indawo yokutyela yaseAsia eneendawo ezili-150 eTshayina nakuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia yamkele icebo elihlanganisiweyo ngo-2023. Ifumana ama-60% ezitya/iipleyiti zemelamine eziqhelekileyo kubathengisi baseTshayina basekuhlaleni (ixesha lokukhokela kwiintsuku ezi-3-5) kunye nama-40% eetreyi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kumthengisi waseJapan (ixesha lokukhokela kwiiveki ezi-2-3). “Ngexesha loqhankqalazo lwasezibukweni ngo-2023 eShanghai, asizange siphelelwe zizinto kuba besinazo izincedisi zasekuhlaleni,” utshilo umphathi wokuthengwa kweetreyi. “Ukwahlukahluka akuyonto eyongezelelweyo—yi-inshurensi.”
2.4 Ithrendi 4: Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze kuhlulwe uphawu—Ngaphaya “kobukhulu obunye bufanela bonke”
Njengoko ithrafikhi yokutyela inyuka, abathengi be-B2B basebenzisa izitya ze-melamine ukuqinisa ubuwena bophawu—umkhwa okhawuleziswa lukhuphiswano emva kobhubhane. Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba ama-65% abathengi beevenkile zokutyela ngoku bacela izitya ze-melamine ezenziwe ngokwezifiso (umz., imibala yophawu, iilogo, iimilo ezizodwa), ukusuka kuma-38% ngaphambi kobhubhane.
Iimfuno eziphambili zokwenza ngokwezifiso ziquka:
Ukuthelekiswa kwemibala: 81% yabathengi bafuna ababoneleli bafanise imibala yohlobo lwePantone.
Iilogo ezincinci: Ama-72% akhetha ukuprintwa kwelogo ngendlela engabonakaliyo, ekhuselekileyo kwi-dishwasher (ukuphepha ukuxobuka okanye ukufiphala).
Uyilo olugcina indawo: Ama-67% eevenkile zokutyela eziqhelekileyo acela izitya zetafile ezinokupakishwa okanye ezinokuhlaliswa ekhitshini ukuze kuphuculwe indawo yokugcina izinto ekhitshini.
Ababoneleli ababonelela ngokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokukhawuleza (umz., amaxesha okukhokela kwiiveki ezi-2-3 xa kuthelekiswa neeveki ezi-4-6) bafumana ithuba lokukhuphisana. Ama-59% abathengi athe aza kutshintsha ababoneleli ukuze bafumane iodolo ekhawulezileyo.
3. Amanqaku Aphambili Entlungu Kubathengi Be-B2B (kunye Nendlela Yokujongana Nabo)
Nangona iindlela ezisetyenziswayo zigxininisa amathuba, uphando lukwachonge iindawo ezintathu ezibangela intlungu engapheliyo ekufumaneni emva kobhubhane:
3.1 Inqaku leNtlungu 1: Ukulinganisela uKhuseleko, Ukuqina, kunye neendleko
Ama-45% abathengi baxele ukuba banengxaki yokufumana ababoneleli abahlangabezana nazo zonke ezi mfuno zintathu—ezikhuselekileyo, ezihlala ixesha elide, nezingabizi kakhulu. Isisombululo: Abathengi basebenzisa ngakumbi “amakhadi amanqaku ababoneleli” alinganisa into nganye (umz., ukhuseleko lwama-40%, ukuqina kwama-35%, iindleko ezingama-25%) ukuthelekisa ukhetho ngendlela echanekileyo. Ababoneleli banokwahlulahlula ngokubonelela ngeekhalkhuleyitha ze-TCO ezicacileyo (umz., “Le pleyiti ixabisa i-1.20up frontbutsaves 0.80 ngonyaka kwiindawo zokutshintsha”).
3.2 Inqaku leNtlungu 2: Umgangatho woMboneleli ongaguquguqukiyo
Ama-38% abathengi baqaphele ukuba abanye ababoneleli “bathembisa kakhulu baze banikezele ngaphantsi” xa befumana iziqinisekiso okanye xa behlala ixesha elide. Isisombululo: Ama-62% abathengi ngoku benza uhlolo lwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa (i-PSI) ngabahloli beenkampani zangaphandle (umz., i-SGS, i-Intertek). Ababoneleli banokwakha ukuthembana ngokubonelela nge-PSI yasimahla kwiiodolo ezinkulu.
3.3 Ingongoma yeNtlungu 3: Impendulo ecothayo kwiinguqu zeMfuno
Ama-32% abathengi bajongene nobunzima bokungakwazi kwababoneleli ukulungisa iiodolo ngokukhawuleza (umz., ukunyuka ngequbuliso kwemfuno yokuthathwa kwempahla efunekayo izitya ezingaphezulu). Isisombululo: Abathengi babeka phambili ababoneleli "ngee-MOQ eziguquguqukayo (ubuncinci be-odolo)" (umz., iiyunithi ezingama-500 xa kuthelekiswa neeyunithi ezingama-2,000). Ama-73% abathengi bathi ii-MOQ eziguquguqukayo zezona zinto "ziphezulu ezi-3" zokukhetha ababoneleli.
4. Imbono Yekamva: Yintoni Elandelayo Ngokuthengwa KweeMelamine Tableware?
Ukujonga phambili ku-2025, iindlela ezimbini ezintsha ziya kuyila indawo:
I-Melamine Enobuhlobo Nokusingqongileyo: Ama-58% abathengi bathi baza kubeka phambili "i-melamine ezinzileyo" (umz., eyenziwe nge-resin ephinda isetyenziswe, enokuphinda isetyenziswe yi-100%) kwisithuba seminyaka emi-2. Abathengisi abatyala imali kwizinto ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo baza kufumana isabelo semarike kwangethuba.
Izixhobo zoThengo lweDijithali: Ama-64% abathengi baceba ukusebenzisa amaqonga okuthenga e-B2B (umz., iTablewarePro, iProcureHub) ukuze kube lula uku-odola, ukulandelela ukuthunyelwa, kunye nokulawula ubudlelwane nabathengisi. Ababoneleli abanodibaniso lwedijithali (umz., ukufikelela kwi-API yokulandelela ii-odolo) baya kukhethwa.
5. Isiphelo
Ukuthengwa kwezitya ze-melamine emva kobhubhane kuchazwa "njengesiqhelo esitsha": ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina akunakuxoxiswana ngako, ukuqina kuqhuba ukwenziwa ngcono kweendleko, kwaye ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kuxhasa ukwahluka kweempawu. Kubathengi be-B2B, impumelelo ixhomekeke ekulinganiseni ezi zinto ziphambili kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane nabathengisi abaguquguqukayo. Kubathengisi, ithuba licacile: tyala imali kwiziqinisekiso, ukwenza ngokwezifiso ngokukhawuleza, kunye nemiyalezo ye-TCO ecacileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo.
Njengoko ishishini leenkonzo zokutya liqhubeka libuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwaye likhula, izitya ze-melamine ziya kuhlala ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemisebenzi—kwaye amaqhinga okuthenga ahambelana nale mizila yasemva kobhubhane aya kuba ngundoqo kwimpumelelo yexesha elide.
Ngathi
Ixesha leposi: Septemba-15-2025