Nā te mate urutā COVID-19 i whakarerekē te āhua o te umanga ratonga kai o te ao, mai i ngā tauira whakahaere ki ngā kaupapa matua o te mekameka tuku—ā, kāore i rerekē te hoko taputapu melamine, he tūāpapa mō ngā mahi ratonga kai B2B. I te urunga atu o te umanga ki te wā whai muri i te mate urutā (2023–2024), kua nekehia e ngā kaihoko B2B o ngā taputapu melamine—tae atu ki ngā wharekai mekameka, ngā wharekai umanga, ngā rōpū manaaki manuhiri, me ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga kai umanga—tā rātou arotahi mai i te whakahaere raruraru wā poto ki te manawanui wā roa, te haumaru, me te arotau utu.
Hei hopu i ēnei hiahia e whanake haere ana, i whakahaerehia e tā mātou tīma tētahi rangahau e ono marama te roa (Hanuere–Hune 2024) i uru atu ai ngā kaihoko B2B e 327 puta noa i Amerika Te Raki, Ūropi, me Āhia. I roto i te rangahau he rangahau, he uiuinga hōhonu, me te tātari raraunga hoko, e whai ana kia tautuhia ngā au matua, ngā āhuatanga mamae, me ngā paearu whakatau i roto i te hoko taputapu melamine i muri i te mate urutā. E whakaatu ana tēnei pepa mā i ngā kitenga matua, e tuku ana i ngā māramatanga mahi mā ngā kaiwhakarato, ngā kaituku, me ngā kaihoko.
1. Papamuri Rangahau: He aha te Hiranga o te Hokonga o ngā Taonga Tēpu Melamine i Muri i te Mate Urutā
I mua i te mate urutā, e toru ngā āhuatanga matua i ahu mai i te hoko o ngā taputapu melamine pakihi-ki-te-pākihi: te utu, te roa, me te āhua o te āhua ki te tuakiri waitohu. Heoi, i puta mai i te mate urutā ngā kaupapa matua nui—arā, te whai i ngā ture akuaku, te pumau o te mekameka tuku, me te ngāwari ki te urutau ki te tono e piki haere ana (hei tauira, ngā nekehanga ohorere mai i te kai-i-roto ki te kai-tango).
I te whakakorenga o ngā here, kāore ngā kaihoko i whakarērea ēnei kaupapa matua hou; engari, i whakauruhia e rātou ki roto i ngā rautaki hoko mō te wā roa. Hei tauira, 78% o ngā kaiwhakautu rangahau i kī ko ngā "tohu e pā ana ki te akuaku," i noho hei whakaritenga i te wā raruraru, inaianei he tūāpapa kore e taea te whiriwhiri mō te kōwhiringa kaiwhakarato—he pikinga ake i te 32% noa iho i mua i te mate urutā. E whakaata ana tēnei panoni i tētahi hinengaro whānui ake o te ahumahi: ko te hoko i muri i te mate urutā ehara i te mea ko te "hoko hua anake" engari ko te "hoko pono."
Ko te tauira rangahau, tae atu ki te 156 ngā kaiwhakahaere mekameka wharekai (47.7%), 89 ngā rōpū manaaki manuhiri (27.2%), 53 ngā kaiwhakahaere wharekai umanga (16.2%), me te 29 ngā kaiwhakarato kai umanga (8.9%), e whakarato ana i te whānuitanga o te tono pakihi-i-te-iwi. Ka whakahaerehia e ngā kaiuru katoa ngā tahua hoko taputapu melamine ā-tau mai i te 50,000 ki te 2 miriona, kia tika ai te whakaata i ngā kitenga i ngā au e pā ana ki te ahumahi.
2. Ngā Auahatanga Hoko Matua i Muri i te Mate Urutā: Ngā Tirohanga e Aroturukihia ana e ngā Raraunga
2.1 Ia Au 1: Te Haumaru me te Whakatutuki i te Ture Tuatahi—Kāore e Taea te Whiriwhiri i ngā Tiwhikete
I muri i te mate urutā, kua whakanuia e ngā kaihoko B2B te haumaru mai i te "mana" ki te "whakahau". I kitea e te rangahau e 91% o ngā kaihoko inaianei e hiahia ana kia whakaratohia e ngā kaiwhakarato he tiwhikete tuatoru mō ngā taputapu melamine, ki te whakaritea ki te 54% i mua i te mate urutā. Ko ngā tiwhikete e tino hiahiatia ana ko:
FDA 21 CFR Wāhanga 177.1460: Mō te haumaru o te pā ki ngā kai (e hiahiatia ana e te 88% o ngā kaihoko o Amerika Te Raki).
LFGB (Tiamana): Mō ngā mākete Pākehā (he mea whakahau mō te 92% o ngā kaiwhakautu o te EU).
Whakamātautau Kai SGS: He paearu ā-ao, i tonoa e te 76% o ngā kaihoko maha-rohe.
Tiwhikete Ātete-Pāmahana-Teitei: He mea nui mō ngā mahi horoi i muri i te mate urutā (hei tauira, ngā mīhini horoi rihi arumoni e mahi ana i te 85°C+), e hiahiatia ana e te 83% o ngā kaihoko wharekai mekameka.
Tauira Tauira: I te tau 2023, i kōrero tētahi mekameka hokohoko tere-noa kei te US, neke atu i te 200 ngā wāhi i whakakapia e rātou ētahi kaiwhakarato roa e toru nā te mea kāore i whakahoutia ā rātou tiwhikete ātete pāmahana teitei. "I muri i te mate urutā, kua kaha ake ā mātou tikanga horoi - kāore e taea e mātou te tūpono ka pakaru ngā taputapu tēpu, ka mimiti rānei ngā matū," te kī a te kaiwhakahaere hoko o te mekameka. "Ehara ngā tiwhikete i te mea he mahi pepa noa iho; he tohu kei te tiaki mātou i ngā kiritaki."
2.2 Ia Au 2: Te Arotau i te Utu—Te Pakari i te "Utu Iti"
Ahakoa he mea nui tonu te utu, kei te whakatairangahia e ngā kaihoko te utu katoa o te mana pupuri (TCO) i te utu o mua—he panonitanga i ahu mai i ngā pēhanga tahua o te wā mate urutā. I kitea e te rangahau e 73% o ngā kaihoko e pai ana ki te utu i te 10–15% te utu mō ngā taputapu melamine kua whakamātauhia te pakari (hei tauira, 10,000+ huringa whakamahinga), ki te whakarite ki te 41% i mua i te mate urutā. Nā te mea ka whakaitihia e ngā hua roa te pumau te auau whakakapinga me ngā utu kawe (hei tauira, he iti ake ngā tuku, he iti ake ngā para).
E tautoko ana ngā raraunga mai i ngā kaiwhakautu rangahau i tēnei: I kōrero ngā kaihoko i huri ki te melamine pakari-teitei he 22% te hekenga o ngā utu hoko taputapu tēpu ā-tau, ahakoa te utu nui ake i te tīmatanga. Ko ngā inenga pakari matua e pā ana ki ngā hoko ko:
Ātete pānga (whakamātautauhia mā te whakamātautau maturuturu 1.2m ki runga i te raima).
Ātete ki te rakuraku (i inehia e ngā paerewa ASTM D7027).
Ātete ki te poke mai i ngā kai waikawa (hei tauira, te ranu tōmato, te ranu citrus).
Tauira Tauira: I huri tētahi rōpū manaaki manuhiri Pākehā me ngā hōtera e 35 ki tētahi raina melamine pakari i te tau 2024. Ahakoa he 12% te teitei ake o te utu tīmatanga, i heke te reiti whakakapinga ā-hauwhā o te rōpū mai i te 18% ki te 5%, ā, i tapahia ngā utu ā-tau mā te $48,000. "I mua, i whaia e mātou ngā pereti iti rawa te utu, engari nā te whakakapinga tonu i pau ai tā mātou tahua," te kī a te kaiwhakahaere mekameka tuku o te rōpū. "Ināianei, ka tatau mātou i te TCO—ā, ko te pakari te mea e toa ai i ngā wā katoa."
2.3 Ia Au 3: Te Manawanui o te Mekameka Tukunga—Te Whakawhanaketanga ā-Rohe + Te Whakawhanuitanga
Nā te mate urutā i whakaatu ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā mekameka tuku o te ao (hei tauira, ngā whakaroa tauranga, te korenga o ngā rauemi), ā, nā tēnā i whakatairanga ngā kaihoko pakihi-ki-te-pākihi i te manawanui i roto i te hoko taputapu melamine. E rua ngā rautaki matua:
Te Rohe: 68% o ngā kaihoko kua whakanui ake i tā rātou wāhi ki ngā kaiwhakarato ā-rohe/ā-rohe (e tautuhia ana i roto i te 1,000km o ā rātou mahi) hei whakaiti i ngā wā arahi. Hei tauira, ko ngā kaihoko o Amerika Te Raki e tango ana i te 45% o ngā taputapu melamine mai i ngā kaiwhakarato o US/Mehikana, he pikinga ake i te 28% i mua i te mate urutā.
Te Kanorau o ngā Kaiwhakarato: 79% o ngā kaihoko e mahi tahi ana me ngā kaiwhakarato melamine neke atu i te 3 (he pikinga ake i te 2 i mua i te mate urutā) hei karo i te whakararuraru mena ka raru tetahi kaiwhakarato i te whakaroa, i te kore rānei o ngā hua.
He mea nui, ehara i te mea ko te whakarērea rawatia ngā kaiwhakarato o te ao te tikanga o te rohe - 42% o ngā kaihoko maha-rohe e whakamahi ana i te "tauira ranu": ko ngā kaiwhakarato ā-rohe mō ngā taonga noa me ngā kaiwhakarato o te ao mō ngā hua motuhake (hei tauira, ngā taputapu tēpu kua tāia ritenga).
Tauira Tauira: I te tau 2023, i whakamahia e tētahi mekameka wharekai Āhia me ngā wāhi 150 i Haina me te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia tētahi rautaki ranu. E 60% o ngā peihana/pereti melamine paerewa e tangohia ana mai i ngā kaiwhakarato Hainamana o te rohe (3–5 ngā rā e arahi ana) me te 40% o ngā paepae waitohu ritenga mai i tētahi kaiwhakarato Hapanihi (2–3 wiki e arahi ana). "I te wā o ngā porotēhi tauranga i Shanghai i te tau 2023, kāore i pau ā mātou taonga nā te mea he tautoko ā-rohe ā mātou," te kī a te kaiārahi hoko o te mekameka. "Ehara te kanorau i te mahi tāpiri—engari he inihua."
2.4 Auahatanga 4: Whakaritenga mō te Rerekētanga Waitohu—Kei tua atu i te "Kotahi te Rahi e Pai ana ki te Katoa"
I te pikinga ake o te maha o ngā kai i roto i te wharekai, kei te whakamahi ngā kaihoko pakihi-ki-te-ipurangi i ngā taputapu melamine hei whakakaha i te tuakiri waitohu—he ia āhuatanga i tere ake nā te whakataetae i muri i te mate urutā. I kitea e te rangahau e 65% o ngā kaihoko wharekai mekameka e tono ana i ngā taputapu melamine ritenga (hei tauira, ngā tae waitohu, ngā waitohu, ngā āhua ahurei), he pikinga mai i te 38% i mua i te mate urutā.
Ko ngā whakaritenga matua mō ēnei ko:
Te whakataurite i ngā tae: 81% o ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana kia whakatauritehia e ngā kaiwhakarato ngā tae Pantone o te waitohu.
Ngā waitohu iti noa iho: 72% e pai ake ana ki te tānga waitohu ngawari, haumaru ki te horoi rihi (kia kore ai e tihore, e memeha rānei).
Ngā hoahoa penapena wāhi: 67% o ngā mekameka kai o ia rā e tono ana i ngā taputapu tēpu ka taea te whakarārangi, te whakarōpū rānei hei whakapai ake i te rokiroki o te kīhini.
Kei te whiwhi painga whakataetae ngā kaiwhakarato e tuku ana i ngā whakaritenga tere (hei tauira, ngā wā arahi 2–3 wiki ki te 4–6 wiki). 59% o ngā kaihoko i kī ka huri rātou ki ngā kaiwhakarato kia tere ake ai te whakatutuki i ngā ota ritenga.
3. Ngā Wāhi Mamae Matua mō ngā Kaihoko B2B (me pēhea te Whakatau i a rātou)
Ahakoa e whakaatu ana ngā au i ngā whai wāhitanga, i kitea anō hoki e te rangahau ētahi āhuatanga uaua e toru e pā ana ki te hokohoko i muri i te mate urutā:
3.1 Wāhanga Mamae 1: Te Whakataurite i te Haumaru, te Pumau, me te Utu
45% o ngā kaihoko i kī he uaua ki te kimi i ngā kaiwhakarato e tutuki ana i ngā paearu e toru—he haumaru, he pakari, he whai hua hoki. Otinga: Kei te piki haere te whakamahi a ngā kaihoko i ngā "kāri kaute a ngā kaiwhakarato" e paunatia ana ia āhuatanga (hei tauira, 40% te haumaru, 35% te pakari, 25% te utu) hei whakatairite i ngā kōwhiringa kia tika. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakarato te wehewehe i a rātou anō mā te whakarato i ngā tātaitai TCO mārama (hei tauira, "Ko te utu mō tēnei pereti he 1.20 i mua engari ka penapena i te 0.80 i ia tau i roto i ngā whakakapinga").
3.2 Wāhanga Mamae 2: Kounga Kaiwhakarato Kāore i te Taurite
38% o ngā kaihoko i kī ko ētahi kaiwhakarato "he nui rawa ā rātou kupu whakaari, he iti rawa hoki ā rātou mahi" mō ngā tiwhikete, mō te pakari rānei. Otinga: 62% o ngā kaihoko inaianei e whakahaere ana i ngā tirotiro i mua i te tukunga (PSI) mā roto i ngā kaitātari tuatoru (hei tauira, SGS, Intertek). Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakarato te hanga whakawhirinaki mā te tuku PSI kore utu mō ngā ota nui.
3.3 Wāhi Mamae 3: Te Āta Urupare ki ngā Huringa Tono
32% o ngā kaihoko i raru ki te kore e taea e ngā kaiwhakarato te whakarerekē tere i ngā ota (hei tauira, te pikinga ohorere o te tono kai tango me te hiahia kia nui ake ngā peihana). Otinga: Kei te whakatairangahia e ngā kaihoko ngā kaiwhakarato me ngā "MOQ ngāwari (ngā rahinga ota iti rawa)" (hei tauira, 500 waeine vs. 2,000 waeine). 73% o ngā kaihoko i kī ko ngā MOQ ngāwari tētahi o ngā mea "top 3" hei whiriwhiri mā ngā kaiwhakarato.
4. Te Tirohanga ki te Ao Āpōpō: He aha te Mahi e Whai Ake Nei mō te Hokonga o ngā Taputapu Tēpu Melamine?
I te tirohanga whakamua ki te tau 2025, e rua ngā au hou ka hanga i te ao:
Melamine Ā-Taiao: 58% o ngā kaihoko i kī ka whakatairangahia e rātou te "melamine pumau" (hei tauira, he mea hanga ki te kapia hangarua, 100% ka taea te hangarua) i roto i ngā tau e 2. Ko ngā kaiwhakarato e haumi ana ki ngā rauemi ā-taiao ka hopu i te wahanga mākete wawe.
Ngā Utauta Hoko Mamati: E 64% o ngā kaihoko e whakaaro ana ki te whakamahi i ngā tūāpapa hoko B2B (hei tauira, TablewarePro, ProcureHub) hei whakahaere i ngā tono, hei aroturuki i ngā tuku, me te whakahaere i ngā whanaungatanga ki ngā kaiwhakarato. Ko ngā kaiwhakarato whai whakaurunga mamati (hei tauira, te urunga API mō te aroturuki i ngā tono) ka pai ake.
5. Whakamutunga
Ko te hoko taputapu melamine i muri i te mate urutā e tautuhia ana e te "āhua hou": kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i te haumaru me te manawanui, ko te pakari te mea e whakatairanga ana i te arotau utu, ā, ko te whakaritenga e tautoko ana i te rerekētanga o te waitohu. Mō ngā kaihoko B2B, ko te angitu kei roto i te whakataurite i ēnei kaupapa matua me te hanga hononga ngāwari ki ngā kaiwhakarato. Mō ngā kaiwhakarato, he mārama te whai wāhitanga: te haumi ki ngā tiwhikete, te whakaritenga tere, me te karere TCO mārama hei whakatutuki i te hiahia e whanake haere ana.
I te haere tonu o te ora me te tipu o te umanga ratonga kai, ka noho tonu te melamine hei wāhanga nui o ngā mahi - ā, ko ngā rautaki hoko e hangai ana ki ēnei au i muri i te mate urutā ka noho hei mea nui mō te angitu mō te wā roa.
Mō Mātou
Wā tuku: Hepetema-15-2025