Lamulo la EU 2025 la Kukhudzana ndi Chakudya (Formaldehyde Limit 15mg/kg): Mapiritsi a Melamine Ochuluka Okhala ndi Chidebe Chokwanira EN 14362-1 Ndondomeko ya Satifiketi (yokhala ndi Kugawana Ndalama Zoyesera)

Kwa ogulitsa ambiri a B2B omwe amatumiza mbale za melamine ku EU, chaka cha 2025 ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri yotsatira malamulo. Lamulo la European Commission losinthidwa la zinthu zokhudzana ndi chakudya—lochepetsa malire a formaldehyde specific migration limit (SML) kufika pa 15mg/kg pa zinthu za melamine—layambitsa kale kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amakana kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kusuta: kuyambira mu Okutobala 2025, dziko la Ireland lokha laletsa kutumiza mbale za melamine zodzaza ndi zinthu 14 zosatsatira malamulo, ndipo kugwidwa kulikonse kumabweretsa ndalama zokwana €12,000 pa chindapusa ndi ndalama zotayira.

Kwa ogulitsa ambiri omwe amayang'anira maoda akuluakulu (mayunitsi opitilira 5,000 pa chidebe chilichonse), kutsatira njira yovomerezeka ya satifiketi ya EN 14362-1 pomwe kuwongolera ndalama zoyesera tsopano ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Bukuli likulongosola zofunikira za malamulo atsopano, njira yogwirira ntchito ya satifiketi pang'onopang'ono, ndi njira zogwirira ntchito zogawana ndalama zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ntchito zambiri.

Lamulo la EU la 2025: Zimene Ogula Ambiri Ayenera Kudziwa

Kusintha kwa 2025 kwaMalamulo a EC (EU) Nambala 10/2011ikuyimira kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri kwa miyezo ya mbale za melamine m'zaka khumi zapitazi, chifukwa cha nkhawa zomwe zikukulirakulira pa zoopsa za formaldehyde zomwe zingachitike kwa nthawi yayitali. Kwa ogulitsa zinthu zambiri ochokera kunja, kusintha kwakukulu kutatu kumafuna chisamaliro chachangu:

Kulimbitsa Malire a Formaldehyde: SML ya formaldehyde imatsika kuchokera pa 20mg/kg yapitayi kufika pa 15mg/kg—kuchepa kwa 25%. Izi zikugwira ntchito pa mbale zonse za melamine, kuphatikizapo zinthu zamitundu ndi zosindikizidwa zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'magulu ambiri.

Kuchuluka kwa Kuyesa KowonjezerekaKupatula formaldehyde, EN 14362-1 tsopano ikufuna kuyesa ma amines oyambira a aromatic (PAA) pa ≤0.01mg/kg ndi zitsulo zolemera (lead ≤0.01mg/kg, cadmium ≤0.005mg/kg) pazinthu zopaka utoto.

Kugwirizana kwa REACHMelamine ikuganiziridwa kuti iphatikizidwe mu Annex XIV ya REACH (Mndandanda Wovomerezeka). Ogulitsa zinthu zambiri tsopano ayenera kusunga zolemba za satifiketi kwa zaka 10 kuti atsimikizire kuti unyolo wogulitsa ndi wowonekera.

"Mtengo wosatsatira malamulo wawonjezeka kawiri mu 2025," akutero Maria Lopez, mkulu wotsatira malamulo ku kampani yogulitsa zakudya ku EU. "Chidebe chimodzi chokanidwa chingathe kuchotsa phindu la miyezi itatu pa melamine line. Ogula ambiri sangakwanitse kuona satifiketi ngati lingaliro lomaliza."

 

Satifiketi ya EN 14362-1 ya Kutumiza Zinthu Zonse mu Chidebe

EN 14362-1 ndiye muyezo wofunikira wa EU woyesera zinthu zolumikizirana ndi chakudya zomwe zili ndi utoto ndi zokutira—zofunikira kwambiri pa mbale zazikulu za melamine, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mapangidwe osindikizidwa kapena zomalizidwa zamitundu. Mosiyana ndi mayeso a chinthu chilichonse, chitsimikizo cha chidebe chonse chimafuna njira yokonzedwa bwino yotsanzira zitsanzo ndi zolemba kuti zitsimikizire zotsatira zabwino. Nayi njira yogwirira ntchito yoyang'ana kwambiri pa malonda:

1. Kukonzekera Kuyesa Kaye (Masabata 1-2)

Musanayambe kuyesa, gwirizanani ndi wopanga wanu pazinthu ziwiri zofunika:

Kugwirizana kwa ZinthuTsimikizirani kuti mayunitsi onse omwe ali mu chidebecho amagwiritsa ntchito ma melamine resin ofanana komanso zinthu zopaka utoto. Magulu osakanikirana amafunika mayeso osiyana, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo ndi 40–60%.

Zolemba: Sungani chikalata chatsatanetsatane cha zinthu (BOM) kuphatikiza wogulitsa utomoni, zofunikira pa utoto, ndi masiku opangira—omwe amafunidwa ndi ma laboratories monga SGS ndi Eurofins kuti atsimikizire kuchuluka kwa mayeso.

2. Kuyesa Zitsanzo za Chidebe Chodzaza (Sabata 3)

EN 14362-1 imafuna kuti anthu azitha kutenga zitsanzo kutengera kukula kwa chidebe ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zagulitsidwa. Pa kutumiza melamine yambiri:

Makontena Okhazikika (20ft/40ft): Chotsani zitsanzo zitatu zoyimira mtundu/kapangidwe kake, ndipo chitsanzo chilichonse chimalemera osachepera 1g. Pa zidebe zokhala ndi mapangidwe opitilira 5, yesani mitundu itatu yapamwamba kwambiri kaye.

Magulu OsakanikiranaNgati muphatikiza mbale, mbale, ndi thireyi, yesani mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala padera. Pewani kusakaniza mitundu—zotsatira zopitirira 5mg/kg pa amine iliyonse zidzafuna kuyesa mtundu wokwera mtengo.

Ma lab ambiri ovomerezeka amapereka zitsanzo pamalopo m'madoko (monga Rotterdam, Hamburg) pa €200–€350 pa chidebe chilichonse, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kutumiza zitsanzo ku malo akutali kuchedwe.

3. Ma Protocol Oyesera Pakati (Masabata 4-6)

Ma laboratories apereka mayeso anayi ofunikira kuti akwaniritse malamulo a 2025:

Kusamuka kwa FormaldehydeKugwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira chakudya zoyeserera (monga, 3% acetic acid pazakudya zokhala ndi asidi), zomwe zimayesedwa kudzera mu HPLC. Zotsatira zake siziyenera kupitirira 15mg/kg.

Ma Amine Onunkhira Oyambirira (PAA): Kuyesedwa kudzera mu gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatira malire a 0.01mg/kg.

Zitsulo Zolemera: Lead, cadmium, ndi antimony (≤600mg/kg ya melamine yamitundu) zimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Kuthamanga kwa Utoto: ΔE values ​​(kusamuka kwa mitundu) iyenera kukhala <3.0 pa ISO 11674 kuti tipewe zonena za kusintha kwa mtundu wa chakudya.

Phukusi loyesera la chidebe chodzaza nthawi zambiri limawononga €2,000–€4,000, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito mu labu (ntchito yofulumira imawonjezera 30% pa zolipiritsa).

4. Zikalata Zotsimikizira ndi Kutsatira Malamulo (Masabata 7-8)

Mukapambana mayeso, mudzalandira zikalata ziwiri zofunika:

Lipoti la Mayeso a Mtundu wa EC: Imagwira ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri, izi zikutsimikizira kuti ikutsatira EU 10/2011 ndi EN 14362-1.

SDS (Chikalata cha Chitetezo): Zofunikira pansi pa REACH ngati kuchuluka kwa melamine kupitirira 0.1% polemera.

Sungani makope a digito mu portal yogawana ndi broker wanu wa kasitomu—kuchedwa kupanga zikalata izi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ziwiya zisungidwe.

Njira Zogawira Ndalama Zoyesera Zambiri: Chepetsani Ndalama ndi 30–50%

Kwa ogulitsa ambiri omwe amayang'anira makontena opitilira 10 pachaka, ndalama zoyesera zimatha kukwera mwachangu. Njira zotsimikiziridwa ndi makampani awa zimachepetsa mavuto azachuma pomwe zikusunga malamulo:

1. Kugawanitsa Mtengo wa Opanga ndi Ogulitsa Zinthu Kunja

Njira yodziwika kwambiri: Kambiranani ndi wopanga melamine wanu kuti mugawane ndalama zoyesera 50/50. Ikani izi ngati ndalama zogulira mgwirizano wa nthawi yayitali—ogulitsa amapindula ndi kusunga ogula omwe akutsatira EU, pomwe mumachepetsa ndalama zogulira pa chidebe chilichonse. Wogulitsa wapakatikati wotumiza makontena 20 pachaka amatha kusunga €20,000–€40,000 pachaka ndi chitsanzo ichi.

2. Kuphatikiza kwa Magulu

Phatikizani maoda ang'onoang'ono angapo (monga, zidebe ziwiri mpaka zitatu za 20ft) mu chidebe chimodzi cha 40ft kuti muyesedwe. Ma laboratories amalipiritsa ndalama zochepera 15-20% pa kutumiza pamodzi, chifukwa zitsanzo ndi kukonza zimakhala zosavuta. Izi zimagwira ntchito bwino pazinthu zanyengo monga mathireyi ophikira, komwe nthawi yoyitanitsa ikhoza kulinganizidwa.

3. Mapangano a Lab a Zaka Zambiri

Konzani mitengo ndi labu yovomerezeka (monga AFNOR, SGS) kwa chaka chimodzi mpaka ziwiri. Makasitomala omwe ali ndi mgwirizano nthawi zambiri amalandira kuchotsera kwa 10-15% pa ndalama zoyesera ndi kukonza zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mgwirizano wa zaka ziwiri ndi Eurofins wa makontena 50 pachaka umachepetsa ndalama zoyesera kuyambira €3,000 mpaka €2,550—ndalama zonse zosungidwa ndi €22,500.

4. Ndalama Zochepetsera Chiwopsezo Chokana