I-EU 2025 Imithetho Yokuthintana Nokudla (I-Formaldehyde Limit 15mg/kg): I-Bulk Melamine Tableware Isiqukathi Esigcwele Sohlelo Lwesiqukathi EN 14362-1 (Nokwabelana Kwezindleko Zokuhlola)

Kubathengisi bezitolo be-B2B abangenisa inqwaba ye-melamine tableware e-EU, u-2025 uphawula iphuzu elibalulekile lokushintsha ukuthobela. Imithethonqubo ebuyekeziwe yeKhomishini YaseYurophu Yokuthintana Nezinto Zokudla—ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokufuduka othize we-formaldehyde (SML) ube ngu-15mg/kg emikhiqizweni ye-melamine—sekubangele ukwanda kokwaliwa kwemingcele: kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2025, i-Ireland iyodwa ibambe ukuthunyelwa okugcwele okuyi-14 kwabathengi abangathobeli mthetho, i-melamine eyisilinganiso se-euro eyi-1,00 ngenani elilinganiselwa ku-20 euro. izinhlawulo nezimali zokulahla .

Kubathengisi bezitolo abaphethe ama-oda evolumu enkulu (amayunithi angama-5,000+ esitsheni ngasinye), ukuzulazula ngenqubo yesitifiketi esiyisibopho se-EN 14362-1 ngenkathi kulawulwa izindleko zokuhlola manje sekuyizinto eziza kuqala. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlukanisa izimfuneko zemithetho emisha, ukuhamba komsebenzi kokunikezwa kwesitifiketi kwesinyathelo ngasinye, namasu okwabelana ngezindleko angenziwa aklanyelwe ukusebenza ngobuningi.

Umthetho we-EU ka-2025: Lokho Abathengi Ngobuningi Okufanele Bakwazi

Isichibiyelo sika-2025 sokuthiI-EC Regulation (EU) No 10/2011imele ukubuyekezwa okuqinile kwezindinganiso ze-melamine tableware eminyakeni eyishumi, eqhutshwa ukukhathazeka okukhulayo ngezingozi zokuchayeka zesikhathi eside ze-formaldehyde . Kubathengi abaningi abavela kwamanye amazwe, izinguquko ezintathu ezibalulekile zidinga ukunakwa ngokushesha:

Ukuqinisa Umkhawulo we-Formaldehyde: I-SML ye-formaldehyde yehla isuka ku-20mg/kg yangaphambilini iye ku-15mg/kg—ukwehla ngo-25%. Lokhu kusebenza kuwo wonke ama-tableware e-melamine, okuhlanganisa nezinto ezinemibala neziphrintiwe ezivame ukuthengiswa ngamaqoqo amawholesale .

Ububanzi Bokuhlola Obunwetshiwe: Ngale kwe-formaldehyde, i-EN 14362-1 manje igunyaza ukuhlolwa kwe-primary amines amines (PAA) kokuthi ≤0.01mg/kg nezinsimbi ezisindayo (lead ≤0.01mg/kg, cadmium ≤0.005mg/kg) emikhiqizweni enemibala .

REACH Ukuqondanisa: I-Melamine iyacatshangelwa ukuze ifakwe ku-Annex XIV ye-REACH (Uhlu Lokugunyazwa) . Abathengisi bezitolo kufanele manje bagcine amarekhodi ezitifiketi iminyaka eyi-10 ukuze bafakazele ukuba sobala kwe-supply chain.

"Izindleko zokungathobeli imithetho ziphindeke kabili ngo-2025," kuphawula uMaria Lopez, umqondisi wokuthobela enkampanini ehamba phambili yokusabalalisa ukudla kwe-EU. “Isitsha esisodwa esinqatshiwe singasula inzuzo yezinyanga ezi-3 kolayini be-melamine. Abathengi ngobuningi ngeke bakwazi ukuphatha isitifiketi njengokucatshangelwa kwamuva.”

 

Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo I-EN 14362-1 Isitifiketi Sokuthunyelwa Kwesitsha Esigcwele

I-EN 14362-1 iyindinganiso eyisibopho ye-EU yokuhlola izinto zokuthintana zokudla eziqukethe odayi nama-coatings—okubalulekile ku-tableware ye-melamine eyinqwaba, evamise ukufaka imiklamo ephrintiwe noma ukuqedwa okunemibala. Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa komkhiqizo ngamunye, ukuqinisekiswa kwesitsha esigcwele kudinga isampula ehlelekile nenqubo yokubhala ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela emele. Nakhu ukugeleza komsebenzi okugxile kakhulu:

1. Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokuhlola (Amaviki 1–2)

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlola, qondanisa nomkhiqizi wakho emininingwaneni emibili ebalulekile:

Ukungaguquguquki Kwempahla: Qinisekisa ukuthi wonke amayunithi esitsheni asebenzisa amaqoqo afanayo e-melamine resin kanye nemibala. Amaqoqo ahlanganisiwe adinga ukuhlolwa okuhlukene, okwandisa izindleko ngo-40–60%.

Amadokhumenti: Vikela ibhili enemininingwane yezinto (i-BOM) okufaka phakathi umphakeli we-resin, imininingwane yedayi, nezinsuku zokukhiqiza—okudingeka amalebhu afana ne-SGS ne-Eurofins ukuze kuqinisekiswe ububanzi bokuhlola.

2. Ukusampula Kwesitsha Esigcwele (Iviki 3)

I-TS EN 14362-1 inika igunya lokuthatha amasampula ngokususelwa kusayizi weziqukathi nezinhlobonhlobo zomkhiqizo. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-melamine ngobuningi:

Iziqukathi Ezijwayelekile (20ft/40ft): Khipha amasampula amele ama-3 ngombala/umklamo ngamunye, nesampula ngayinye enesisindo esingu-1g okungenani. Eziqukathi ezinemiklamo engu->5, hlola okuhlukile okungu-3 kwevolumu ephezulu kuqala.

Amaqoqo Ahlanganisiwe: Uma uhlanganisa amapuleti, izitsha, namathileyi, sampula uhlobo lomkhiqizo ngamunye ngokwehlukana. Gwema ukuhlanganisa imibala—imiphumela engaphezu kuka-5mg/kg yanoma iyiphi i-amine izodinga ukuhlolwa kombala ngamunye okumba eqolo .

Amalebhu amaningi agunyaziwe anikezela ngamasampula esizeni emachwebeni (isb., Rotterdam, Hamburg) ngama-euro angama-200–€350 esitsheni ngasinye, asusa ukubambezeleka kokuthunyelwa ekuthumeleni amasampula ezindaweni ezikude.

3. Amaphrothokholi Okuhlola Okubalulekile (Amaviki 4–6)

Amalebhu abeka phambili izivivinyo ezine ezibalulekile ukuze ahlangabezane nemithetho ka-2025:

Ukufuduka kwe-Formaldehyde: Kusetshenziswa izincibilikisi zokudla ezilingiswayo (isb, i-acetic acid engu-3% yokudla okune-acidic), kukalwa nge-HPLC. Imiphumela akumele idlule ku-15mg/kg.

I-Primary Aromatic Amines (PAA): Ihlolwe nge-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthobelana nomkhawulo ongu-0.01mg/kg.

Izinsimbi Ezisindayo: Umthofu, i-cadmium, ne-antimony (≤600mg/kg ye-melamine enombala) kubalwa kusetshenziswa i-spectroscopy yokumuncwa kwe-athomu.

Ukushesha Kombala: Amanani e-ΔE (ukuhamba kombala) kufanele abe ngu-<3.0 nge-ISO 11674 ngayinye ukuze agweme izimangalo zokushintsha umbala wokudla .

Iphakheji lokuhlola elinesitsha esigcwele ngokuvamile libiza u-€2,000–€4,000, kuye ngenani lemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kanye nesikhathi sokushintsha elebhu (isevisi yokusheshisa yengeza u-30% ezinkokhelweni) .

4. Ukuqinisekisa Nokuvumelana Nemibhalo (Amaviki 7–8)

Lapho uphumelela izivivinyo, uzothola amadokhumenti amabili abalulekile:

Umbiko Wokuhlola Uhlobo lwe-EC: Kuvumeleke iminyaka emi-2, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana ne-EU 10/2011 kanye ne-EN 14362-1.

I-SDS (Ishidi Ledatha Yezokuphepha): Kudingeka ngaphansi kwe-REACH uma okuqukethwe kwe-melamine kudlula u-0.1% ngesisindo .

Gcina amakhophi edijithali kuphothali eyabiwe nomthengisi wakho wempahla—ukubambezeleka ekukhiqizeni lawa madokhumenti kuyimbangela #1 yokubanjwa kwamabhokisi .

Amasu Okwabelana Ngezindleko Zokuhlola Inqwaba: Yehlisa Izindleko ngo-30–50%

Kubathengisi bezitolo abaphethe iziqukathi eziyi-10+ ngonyaka, izindleko zokuhlola zingakhuphuka ngokushesha. Lawa maqhinga afakazelwe yimboni anciphisa umthwalo wezezimali ngenkathi egcina ukuthobelana:

1. Ukwehlukanisa Izindleko Zomkhiqizi-Ongenisa Ngaphandle

Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu: Xoxisana nomkhiqizi wakho we-melamine ukuze uhlukanise imali yokuhlola 50/50. Faka lokhu kuhlaka njengotshalomali lobambiswano lwesikhathi eside—abahlinzeki bazuza ngokugcina abathengi abathobela i-EU, kuyilapho wena wehlisa izindleko zesitsha ngasinye. Umthengisi ophakathi nendawo ongenisa iziqukathi ezingama-20 ngonyaka angonga u-€20,000–€40,000 ngonyaka ngale modeli.

2. Ukuhlanganiswa Kweqoqo

Hlanganisa ama-oda amancane amaningi (isb., iziqukathi ezingu-2–3 20ft) ube yisitsha esisodwa esingama-40ft ukuze sihlolwe. Amalebhu ashaja ngo-15–20% ngaphansi kokuthunyelwa okuhlanganisiwe, njengoba amasampula nokucubungula kwenziwa lula. Lokhu kusebenza kangcono kakhulu ezintweni zesizini ezifana namathreyi okupheka, lapho isikhathi soku-oda singaqondaniswa khona.

3. Izinkontileka Zelebhu Yeminyaka Eminingi

Vala amanani ngelebhu egunyaziwe (isb., AFNOR, SGS) iminyaka engu-1–2. Amaklayenti enkontileka ngokuvamile athola izaphulelo ezingu-10–15% ezinkokhelweni zokuhlola nokucutshungulwa okubalulekile. Isibonelo, inkontileka yeminyaka engu-2 ne-Eurofins yeziqukathi ezingu-50/ngonyaka yehlisa izindleko zokuhlola zisuka ku-€3,000 ziye ku-€2,550—isamba esilondolozwe esingu-€22,500 .

4. Izimali Zokunciphisa Ingozi Yokwenqaba