Umthetho Wokuxhumana Kokudla we-EU 2025 (Umkhawulo we-Formaldehyde 15mg/kg): Uhlelo Lokuqinisekisa lwe-EN 14362-1 lwe-Bulk Melamine Tableware (nokwabelana ngezindleko zokuhlola)

Kubathengisi be-B2B abathengisa izinto zokudla eziningi ze-melamine e-EU, u-2025 uphawula ukuguquka okubalulekile kokuthobela imithetho. Umthethonqubo wezinto zokudla obuyekeziwe weKhomishini yaseYurophu—onciphisa umkhawulo wokufuduka kwe-formaldehyde (SML) ube ngu-15mg/kg wemikhiqizo ye-melamine—usuvele ubangele ukwanda kokwenqatshwa kwemingcele: kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2025, i-Ireland yodwa ibambe ukuthunyelwa okungu-14 okugcwele kwezitsha zokudla ze-melamine ezingahambisani nomthetho, kanti ukubanjwa ngakunye kubiza abangenisi isilinganiso esingu-€12,000 ngezinhlawulo kanye nezimali zokulahla.

Kubathengisi abathengisa ngobuningi abaphatha ama-oda amakhulu (amayunithi angaphezu kuka-5,000 ngesitsha ngasinye), ukuzulazula inqubo yokuqinisekisa i-EN 14362-1 eyimpoqo ngenkathi ukulawula izindleko zokuhlola manje sekuyinto eza kuqala. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza izidingo zemithetho emisha, ukuhamba komsebenzi wokuqinisekisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, kanye namasu okwabelana ngezindleko asebenzayo aklanyelwe imisebenzi eminingi.

Umthethonqubo we-EU ka-2025: Okudingeka Abathengi Abaningi Bakwazi

Isichibiyelo sika-2025Umthethonqubo we-EC (i-EU) Cha 10/2011imele isibuyekezo esiqinile kakhulu sezindinganiso ze-melamine tableware eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, eqhutshwa ukukhathazeka okukhulayo ngezingozi zokuchayeka kwe-formaldehyde isikhathi eside. Kwabangenisi bezimpahla ngobuningi, izinguquko ezintathu ezibalulekile zidinga ukunakwa okusheshayo:

Ukuqinisa Umkhawulo we-Formaldehyde: I-SML ye-formaldehyde yehla kusuka ku-20mg/kg yangaphambilini iye ku-15mg/kg—ukwehla okungu-25%. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zonke izitsha zetafula ze-melamine, kufaka phakathi izinto ezinemibala neziphrintiwe ezivame ukuthengiswa ngamaqoqo athengiswa ngobuningi.

Ububanzi Bokuhlola Obwandisiwe: Ngale kwe-formaldehyde, i-EN 14362-1 manje iyalela ukuhlolwa kwama-aromatic amine ayinhloko (i-PAA) ku-≤0.01mg/kg kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo (i-lead ≤0.01mg/kg, i-cadmium ≤0.005mg/kg) yemikhiqizo enemibala.

Ukuqondanisa kwe-REACHI-Melamine iyacatshangelwa ukuthi ifakwe ku-Annex XIV ye-REACH (Uhlu Lokugunyazwa). Abathengisi bezitolo ezinkulu kumele bagcine amarekhodi ezitifiketi iminyaka eyi-10 ukuze bafakazele ukucaca kwe-supply chain.

“Izindleko zokungalandeli imithetho ziphindwe kabili ngo-2025,” kuphawula uMaria Lopez, umqondisi wokuthobela imithetho enkampanini ehamba phambili yokusabalalisa ukudla e-EU. “Isitsha esisodwa esinqatshiwe singaqeda inzuzo yezinyanga ezintathu emigqeni ye-melamine. Abathengi abaningi abakwazi ukuphatha isitifiketi njengento ecatshangelwe kamuva.”

 

Isitifiketi se-EN 14362-1 Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Sokuthunyelwa Kwesitsha Esigcwele

I-EN 14362-1 iyindinganiso ephoqelekile ye-EU yokuhlola izinto zokuxhumana zokudla eziqukethe udayi kanye nezingubo zokumboza—ezibalulekile ezitsheni ze-melamine eziningi, ezivame ukuba nemiklamo ephrintiwe noma ukuqedwa okunemibala. Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa komkhiqizo ngamunye, isitifiketi sesitsha esigcwele sidinga inqubo ehlelekile yokusampula kanye nenqubo yokubhala ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela emele. Nansi indlela yokusebenza egxile ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla eziningi:

1. Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokuhlola (Amasonto 1-2)

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlola, vumelana nomkhiqizi wakho ngemininingwane emibili ebalulekile:

Ukuvumelana Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo: Qinisekisa ukuthi wonke amayunithi esitsheni asebenzisa amaqoqo afanayo e-melamine resin kanye nezinto zokufaka imibala. Amaqoqo axubile adinga ukuhlolwa okuhlukile, okwandisa izindleko ngo-40-60%.

Imibhalo: Vikela ibhili lezinto eziningiliziwe (i-BOM) kufaka phakathi umhlinzeki we-resin, imininingwane yedayi, kanye nezinsuku zokukhiqiza—ezidingwa amalabhorethri afana ne-SGS kanye ne-Eurofins ukuqinisekisa ububanzi bokuhlola.

2. Ukusampula Kwesitsha Esigcwele (Isonto 3)

I-EN 14362-1 iyalela ukuthi kuthathwe amasampula ngokusekelwe kusayizi wesitsha kanye nohlobo lomkhiqizo. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-melamine ngobuningi:

Iziqukathi Ezijwayelekile (20ft/40ft): Khipha amasampula angu-3 amele umbala/umklamo ngamunye, isampula ngayinye inesisindo okungenani esingu-1g. Ezitsheni ezinemiklamo engaphezulu kwemi-5, hlola izinhlobo ezintathu eziphezulu kakhulu kuqala.

Amaqoqo AxubileUma uhlanganisa amapuleti, izitsha, namathileyi, thatha isampula yohlobo ngalunye lomkhiqizo ngokwehlukana. Gwema ukuxuba imibala—imiphumela engaphezu kuka-5mg/kg kunoma iyiphi i-amine izodinga ukuhlolwa kombala komuntu ngamunye okubizayo.

Amalabhorethri amaningi agunyaziwe anikeza amasampula endaweni emachwebeni (isib., eRotterdam, eHamburg) ngo-€200–€350 ngesitsha ngasinye, okususa ukubambezeleka kokuthunyelwa kwamasampula ezindaweni ezikude.

3. Izinqubo Zokuhlola Eziyinhloko (Amasonto 4-6)

Amalebhu abeka phambili izivivinyo ezine ezibalulekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemithethonqubo ka-2025:

Ukufuduka kwe-Formaldehyde: Ukusebenzisa izinyibilikisi zokudla ezilingisiwe (isb., i-acetic acid engu-3% ekudleni okune-asidi), okukalwa nge-HPLC. Imiphumela akumele idlule u-15mg/kg.

Ama-Amine Amnandi Ayinhloko (i-PAA): Kuhlolwe nge-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nomkhawulo we-0.01mg/kg.

Izinsimbi Ezisindayo: I-lead, i-cadmium, kanye ne-antimony (≤600mg/kg ye-melamine enemibala) kulinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Ukushesha Kombala: Amanani e-ΔE (ukufuduka kombala) kumele abe ngaphansi kuka-3.0 nge-ISO 11674 ukuze kugwenywe izimangalo zokushintsha umbala kokudla.

Iphakheji yokuhlola egcwele isitsha ngokuvamile ibiza u-€2,000–€4,000, kuye ngenani lezinhlobo zomkhiqizo kanye nesikhathi sokushintsha kwelebhu (insizakalo yokushesha ingeza u-30% ezindlekweni).

4. Izincwadi Zokuqinisekisa Nokuthobela Imithetho (Amasonto 7-8)

Uma uphumelela izivivinyo, uzothola amadokhumenti amabili abalulekile:

Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kohlobo lwe-EC: Kusebenza iminyaka emi-2, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthobela i-EU 10/2011 kanye ne-EN 14362-1.

I-SDS (Ishidi Ledatha Yokuphepha): Kudingeka ngaphansi kwe-REACH uma okuqukethwe kwe-melamine kudlula isisindo esingu-0.1%.

Gcina amakhophi edijithali ku-portal ehlanganyelwe nomthengisi wakho wentela—ukubambezeleka ekukhiqizeni la madokhumenti kuyimbangela yokuqala yokugcinwa kwama-container.

Amasu Okuhlola Izindleko Ngobuningi: Nciphisa Izindleko ngo-30–50%

Kubathengisi abathengisa ngobuningi abaphatha izitsha ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 ngonyaka, izindleko zokuhlola zingakhuphuka ngokushesha. Lawa maqhinga afakazelwe embonini anciphisa umthwalo wezezimali ngenkathi egcina ukuthobela imithetho:

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezindleko Zomkhiqizi Nokungenisa

Indlela evame kakhulu: Xoxa nomkhiqizi wakho we-melamine ukuze uhlukanise imali yokuhlola engu-50/50. Lokhu kubekwe njengokutshalwa kwezimali kobambiswano lwesikhathi eside—abahlinzeki bayazuza ngokugcina abathengi abathobela i-EU, kuyilapho wena unciphisa izindleko zesitsha ngasinye. Umthengisi ophakathi nendawo ongenisa izitsha ezingu-20 ngonyaka angonga u-€20,000–€40,000 ngonyaka ngale modeli.

2. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamaqoqo

Hlanganisa ama-oda amancane amaningi (isb., izitsha ezingu-2–3 ezingama-20ft) esitsheni esisodwa esingama-40ft ukuze kuhlolwe. Amalebhu akhokhisa imali engaphansi ngo-15–20% ekuthunyelweni okuhlanganisiwe, njengoba ukusampula kanye nokucubungula kwenziwa lula. Lokhu kusebenza kahle ezintweni zesizini ezifana namathileyi okupheka, lapho isikhathi soku-oda singalinganiswa khona.

3. Izinkontileka Zelebhu Zeminyaka Eminingi

Faka amanani ngelebhu egunyaziwe (isb., i-AFNOR, i-SGS) iminyaka eyi-1-2. Amaklayenti anenkontileka avame ukuthola izaphulelo eziyi-10-15% emalini yokuhlola kanye nokucutshungulwa okubalulekile. Isibonelo, inkontileka yeminyaka emi-2 ne-Eurofins yeziqukathi ezingama-50 ngonyaka inciphisa izindleko zokuhlola ngakunye kusukela ku-€3,000 kuya ku-€2,550—ukonga okuphelele okungu-€22,500.

4. Imali Yokunciphisa Ingozi Yokwenqatshwa