Ukuthuthuka Kwezitsha Zokupheka Ze-Melamine Ezimelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu: Umbiko Wokuhlola Ukuhambisana Kwemishini Yekhishi Ephakathi Ezindaweni Zokudlela Eziningi

Ithimba lososayensi kanye nochwepheshe bemboni bathuthukise izitsha zokudla ze-melamine ezingashisi kakhulu, eziqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kokuhambisana kuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa ekhishini eliphakathi nendawo. Lo mbiko wethula okutholakele okubalulekile, uqokomisa impumelelo kanye nemiphumela yokusebenza kwezindawo zokudlela eziningi.1. Isizinda Nokubaluleka​

Izitsha zokudla zendabuko ze-melamine, ezithengiswa ngokuqina kanye nokungabizi kakhulu, ziyahluleka ngaphezu kuka-120°C—ziyinkinga emakhishini aphakathi asebenzisa imishini yokuwasha izitsha eshisa kakhulu, izibulali-zinambuzane ezisebenzisa umusi, kanye nama-oven. Lokhu kubangela ukugoba, ukushintsha kombala, ukukhishwa kwezidakamizwa eziyingozi, izingozi zokuphepha, kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokufaka esikhundleni.​

Izitsha zokudla ezintsha zibhekana nalezi zinkinga ngezinto eziguquliwe kanye nokukhiqiza, ezimelana nokushisa okufika ku-180°C. Ukuqinisekiswa okuphumelelayo kuthembisa ukunciphisa izindleko, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nezinqubo ezilula ngokuqeda izitsha zokudla ezikhethekile zokushisa okuhlukahlukene.

2. Izindinganiso Zokuhlola, Amasampula, kanye Nendlela Yokwenza

2.1 Izindinganiso Zokuhlola​

Ukuhlolwa kulandelwe amazinga omhlaba wonke: ASTM C518-17, FDA 21 CFR Ingxenye 177.1460, ISO 22000, kanye ne-NSF/ANSI 51, okuqinisekisa imiphumela eqashelwayo nethembekile yokumelana nokushisa, ukuphepha, kanye nokuhambisana.​

2.2 Amasampula Okuhlola​

Amasampula afaka izinto ezintsha ze-melamine ezishisa kakhulu: amapuleti angu-10 intshi, izitsha ezingu-16 oz, izitsha zokugcina ezingamalitha, amathileyi angu-18x12 intshi, kanye nezitsha. I-melamine yendabuko enezincazelo ezifanayo yayisetshenziswa njengezilawuli. Wonke amasampula ayemasha futhi engasetshenziswa.

2.3 Indlela Yokuhlola​

Kwenziwa ekhishini eliphakathi elilingisiwe lelebhu eliqinisekisiwe, izivivinyo zisebenzise indlela ehlukaniswe ngezigaba yohlobo ngalunye lwemishini. Amasampula adlule imijikelezo eyi-12 (ngalinye lilingisa isonto elilodwa lokusetshenziswa) kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinguquko zomzimba, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, ubuqotho bokusebenza, kanye nokuhambisana kwemishini.​

3. Imishini Yokuhlola kanye Nemiphumela​

3.1 Izindawo Zokugeza Izitsha Zezentengiselwano​

Amasampula asebenza ku-60-71°C (ukuwasha) kanye no-82-90°C (ukuhlanza), ahlala isikhathi esingama-cycles ayi-100 kumshini wokuwasha izitsha i-Hobart AM15V.

I-melamine eshisa kakhulu ayizange iguqe, iklwebheke kancane, ayishintshi umbala ngesoso likatamatisi/i-curry, futhi imelane nokuhlanza okungu-88°C. I-melamine yendabuko yayiguquguquka ngo-30% ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-50, yashintsha umbala kakhulu ngemijikelezo engu-30, kanye nokuqhekeka okungu-15% ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-100.

3.2 Izibulali-zinambuzane ngomusi​

Esebenza ku-121-134°C ngaphansi kwengcindezi, amasampula adlule imijikelezo engu-50 ku-Tuttnauer 2540E sterilizer (imizuzu engu-30 ku-121°C/15 psi).

I-melamine eshisa kakhulu ayibonisanga monakalo, isisindo esizinzile, futhi ayikho i-melamine/formaldehyde etholakala kalula. I-melamine yendabuko yayinokugoba okukhulu ngemva kwemijikelezo eyi-10, idlula amazinga e-melamine aphephile ngo-40% ngemijikelezo emi-5 (80% ngo-20), kanye nokuqhekeka/ukuqhekeka kobuso.​
3.3 Ama-oven Ashisa Kakhulu​

Amasampula abekezelele imijikelezo engama-30 (imizuzu engama-30 ku-180°C) kuhhavini we-Vulcan VC5GD.

I-melamine eshisa kakhulu ayizange ibonise ukugoba, ukuqhekeka, noma ukushintsha kombala, inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kokushisa okufanayo. I-melamine yendabuko yagoba ngokushesha, yaba nokuqhekeka okungu-60% ngemva kwemijikelezo emi-5, kanye nokuphuzi okuphawulekayo ngemijikelezo eyi-10.​

3.4 Abahlanzi be-Ultrasonic​

Amasampula adlule imijikelezo engama-50 (imizuzu eyi-15 ngalinye) kumshini wokuhlanza weBranson CPX3800.

I-melamine eshisa kakhulu ayibonisanga monakalo wesakhiwo, ukuphela kobuso obuphelele, futhi akukho ukuvuza. I-melamine yendabuko yayinokuguguleka okuncane kobuso emiklamweni ephrintiwe ngemva kwemijikelezo engama-30 kanye nokufiphala okuncane.​

4. Ukuqina Nokuphepha Kwesikhathi Eside​

4.1 Ukuqina Kwesikhathi Eside​

Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokusetshenziswa ngendlela yokulingisa (ukugeza izitsha, ukubulala amagciwane, kanye nokuxhumana nokudla okusemazingeni okushisa angu-95°C), i-melamine eshisa kakhulu ibonise ukuklwebheka okuncane kuphela okunesakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi ophelele. I-melamine yendabuko yayingafanele ukusetshenziswa ngo-70% ngenxa yokugoba, ukuqhekeka, noma ukushintsha kombala.​
4.2 Ukuhlolwa Kokuphepha​

Ukuhlolwa kokufuduka nge-food simulants, ukuhlaziywa kwensimbi esindayo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde/melamine kubonise wonke amazinga angaphansi kwemingcele ye-FDA/EU, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima.

5. Imiphumela Engokoqobo​

5.1 Ukonga Izindleko​

Njengoba isikhathi sokuphila isikhathi eside izikhathi ezi-3-4 kune-melamine yendabuko, izintambo eziphakathi nendawo (izindawo ezingama-50) zingonga
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50,000−100,000 ngonyaka. Ukuhambisana kunciphisa izindleko zesitokwe ngokuqeda izitsha ezikhethekile zokudla.

5.2 Ukusebenza Kahle​

Ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke kusukela ekulungiseleleni kuya ekuphakeleni kuqeda ukudluliselwa kokudla, kunciphisa isikhathi kanye nezingozi zokungcola. Ukuqina kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esikhundleni.

5.3 Ukuphepha Kokudla Nokungaguquguquki Kophawu​

Ukuzinza kuvimbela ukukhishwa okuyingozi ngesikhathi sokuhlanza futhi kunciphisa ukukhula kwamagciwane. Ukubukeka okuhlala njalo kugcina isithombe somkhiqizo kuzo zonke izindawo.

6. Imibono Yochwepheshe​

Umpheki uMaria Rodriguez waphawula: “Le miphumela iyashintsha—izinto zokudla ezisebenza kusukela ekushiseni izitsha kuya ekuhlanzeni izitsha zenza kube lula ukusebenza.” UJohn Chen wanezela: “Ukugcina ukuphepha ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu kuqinisekisa amazinga ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukusebenza kahle.” UDkt. Emily Wong wancoma “impumelelo emangalisayo yokwakheka ngobufakazi obuqinile bokuhlola.”

7. Isiphetho kanye Nombono​

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa iqinisekisa ukuthi izitsha ezintsha ze-melamine zimelana nezimo ezinzima zezentengiselwano ngenkathi zigcina ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle. Izinzuzo zifaka phakathi izindleko ezincishisiwe, ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokungaguquguquki komkhiqizo.​

Amacebo esikhathi esizayo afaka phakathi ukwandisa uhla lwemikhiqizo kanye nokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kokuqina komhlaba wangempela. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha kubeka amazinga amasha etafula lokudla, kunikeza izindawo zokudlela ezithengiswayo ithuba lokuncintisana ngokusebenza kahle, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe.​