I-EU 2025 yoLawulo loQhagamshelwano lokuTya (i-Formaldehyde Limit 15mg/kg): I-Bulk Melamine Tableware Isiqulathi esigcweleyo seSikhongozeli se-EN 14362-1 (kunye noLwabelo lweendleko zoVavanyo)

Kubathengisi be-B2B abangenisa isambuku se-melamine tableware kwi-EU, u-2025 uphawula inguqu ebalulekileyo yothotyelo. IKomishoni yaseYurophu ihlaziywe umgaqo wezinto zokunxibelelana zokutya-ukunciphisa umda wokufuduka okhethekileyo we-formaldehyde (SML) ukuya kwi-15mg/kg yeemveliso ze-melamine-sele ibangele ukwanda kokulahlwa kwemida: ukusuka ngo-Okthobha ka-2025, i-Ireland iyodwa ibambe ukuthunyelwa kwe-14 egcweleyo ye-non-compliant ye-melamine nganye, i-avareji ye-melamine ye-20 yexabiso le-20 ye-euro, kunye ne-2020 yexabiso le-melamine tableware. imirhumo nemirhumo yokulahla .

Kubathengisi bevenkile abalawula ii-odolo zomthamo omkhulu (iiyunithi ezingama-5,000+ kwisikhongozeli ngasinye), ukuzulazula kwinkqubo yoqinisekiso ye-EN 14362-1 enyanzelekileyo ngelixa ukulawulwa kweendleko zovavanyo ngoku kuyeyona nto iphambili yokwenza okanye ikhefu. Esi sikhokelo sihlahlela iimfuno zemimiselo emitsha, ukuhamba komsebenzi kwezatifikethi zesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo, kunye nezicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokwabelana ngeendleko ezilungiselelwe imisebenzi eninzi.

Ummiselo we-EU ka-2025: Yintoni ekufuneka bayazi abathengi abaninzi

Ulungiso luka-2025 lweUmmiselo we-EC (EU) No 10/2011imele olona hlaziyo lungqongqo kwimigangatho ye-melamine tableware kwishumi leminyaka, iqhutywa ziinkxalabo ezikhulayo malunga nemingcipheko yexesha elide yokuvezwa kwe-formaldehyde. Kubathengi bangaphandle abaninzi, iinguqu ezintathu eziphambili zifuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo:

Formaldehyde Limit Ukuqiniswa: I-SML ye-formaldehyde yehla ukusuka kwi-20mg / kg yangaphambili ukuya kwi-15mg / kg-i-25% yokunciphisa. Oku kusebenza kuzo zonke i-melamine tableware, kuquka izinto ezinemibala kunye neziprintiweyo ezidla ngokuthengiswa ngeebhetshi zehoseyile.

Umda woVavanyo owandisiweyo: Ngaphaya kwe-formaldehyde, i-EN 14362-1 ngoku igunyazisa ukuvavanywa kwe-amines eziphambili (PAA) kwi-≤0.01mg/kg kunye neentsimbi ezinzima (ilothe ≤0.01mg/kg, i-cadmium ≤0.005mg/kg) kwiimveliso ezinemibala.

FIKELELA Ulungelelwaniso: I-Melamine iphantsi koqwalaselo ukuze ifakwe kwi-REACH's Annex XIV (uLuhlu loGunyaziso) . Abathengisi ngoku kufuneka bagcine iirekhodi zesatifikethi iminyaka eli-10 ukubonisa ukucaca kwekhonkco lokubonelela.

"Iindleko zokungahambelani ziphindwe kabini ngo-2025," uphawula uMaria Lopez, umlawuli wokuthotyelwa kwi-EU ehamba phambili ehambisa iinkonzo zokutya. “Isikhongozelo esinye esikhatyiweyo sinokucima ingeniso yeenyanga ezi-3 kwimigca yemelamine.

 

INyathelo ngeNyathelo i-EN 14362-1 isatifikethi sokuThunyelelwa komgqomo ogcweleyo

I-EN 14362-1 ngumgangatho osisinyanzelo we-EU wokuvavanya imathiriyeli yokutya eneedayi kunye neengubo zokwaleka-ibaluleke kakhulu kwitafile ye-melamine tableware, ehlala ibonakalisa uyilo oluprintiweyo okanye ukugqitywa kombala. Ngokungafaniyo novavanyo lwemveliso nganye, ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhongozeli esigcweleyo kufuna iisampulu ecwangcisiweyo kunye nenkqubo yamaxwebhu ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezimele. Nantsi inkqubo egxile kwintengiso:

1. Ukulungiselela uVavanyo lwaPhambi (Iiveki 1–2)

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise uvavanyo, lungelelanisa nomenzi wakho kwiinkcukacha ezimbini ezibalulekileyo:

Ukungaguquguquki kwezinto: Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iiyunithi ezikwisikhongozeli zisebenzisa iibhetshi ezifanayo zentlaka yemelamine kunye nemibala. Iibhetshi ezixubeneyo zifuna uvavanyo oluhlukeneyo, ukwandisa iindleko ngama-40-60%.

Amaxwebhu: Khusela i-bill eneenkcukacha zezinto eziphathekayo (i-BOM) ezibandakanya umthengisi we-resin, iinkcukacha zedayi, kunye neentsuku zokuvelisa-ezifunekayo iilebhu ezifana ne-SGS kunye ne-Eurofins ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani bovavanyo.

2. ISampulu egcwele isikhongozeli (iVeki yesi-3)

I-EN 14362-1 igunyazisa iisampulu ezisekwe kubungakanani besikhongozeli kunye nokwahluka kwemveliso. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-melamine ngobuninzi:

Izikhongozeli eziqhelekileyo (20ft/40ft): Khipha iisampulu ezimele ezi-3 ngombala / uyilo, kunye nesampuli nganye enobunzima ubuncinane be-1g. Kwimigqomo ene>5 yoyilo, vavanya ezona ntlobo zi-3 zevolumu ephezulu kuqala.

Iibhetshi ezixubeneyo: Ukuba udibanisa iipleyiti, izitya, kunye neetreyi, sampula uhlobo ngalunye lwemveliso ngokwahlukileyo. Gwema ukuxuba imibala-iziphumo ezingaphezulu kwe-5mg / kg kuyo nayiphi na i-amine iya kufuna ixabiso lovavanyo lombala ngamnye.

Uninzi lweelebhu ezivunyiweyo zibonelela ngesampulu ekwisiza kumazibuko (umzekelo, eRotterdam, eHamburg) nge-200-€350 yee-euro kwisikhongozeli ngasinye, kuphelisa ukulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa ekuthumeleni iisampulu kwiindawo ezikude.

3. IiProtokholi zoVavanyo olungundoqo (Iiveki 4–6)

IiLebhu zibeka phambili iimvavanyo ezine ezibalulekileyo ukuhlangabezana nemigaqo ka-2025:

Ukufuduka kweFormaldehyde: Ukusebenzisa izinyibilikisi zokutya ezifaniswayo (umzekelo, i-3% ye-acetic acid yokutya okumuncu), kulinganiswe nge-HPLC. Iziphumo mazingabi ngaphezu kwe-15mg/kg.

Ii-Amines ezinuka kamnandi (PAA): Ivavanywe nge-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komda we-0.01mg/kg.

Iintsimbi ezinzima: Ilothe, i-cadmium, kunye ne-antimony (≤600mg/kg ye-melamine enemibala) zibalwa kusetyenziswa i-atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Ukukhawuleza kombala: Amaxabiso e-ΔE (ukufuduka kombala) kufuneka abe <3.0 nge-ISO 11674 nganye ukunqanda amabango okutshintsha umbala kokutya.

Iphakheji yovavanyo yesiqulathi esigcweleyo idla ngokuxabisa i-€2,000–€4,000, ngokuxhomekeke kwinani leemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nexesha le-lab yokujika (inkonzo yokungxama yongeza i-30% kwintlawulo) .

4. Uxwebhu lweSiqinisekiso nokuThobela (Iiveki 7–8)

Ekuphumeleleni iimvavanyo, uya kufumana amaxwebhu amabini abalulekileyo:

Ingxelo yoVavanyo lwe-EC Uhlobo: Isebenza iminyaka eyi-2, oku kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwe-EU 10/2011 kunye ne-EN 14362-1.

I-SDS (iPhepha leDatha yoKhuseleko): Ifuneka phantsi kwe-REACH ukuba umxholo we-melamine ungaphezulu kwe-0.1% ngobunzima.

Gcina iikopi zedijithali kwi-portal ekwabelwana ngayo kunye nomthengisi wakho wamasiko-ukulibaziseka ekuveliseni la maxwebhu ngunobangela #1 wokubamba izikhongozeli.

UVavanyo oluNinzi lwezicwangciso-qhinga zoLwabiwo lweNdleko: Ukucutha iinkcitho ngama-30–50%

Kubathengisi abalawula i-10+ izitya ngonyaka, iindleko zokuvavanya zinokunyuka ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zicwangciso-qhinga ziqinisekisiweyo kushishino zinciphisa umthwalo wemali ngelixa zigcina ukuthotyelwa:

1. Ukwahlulwa kweNdleko zoMvelisi-oNgaphandle

Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo: Thethana nomenzi wakho we-melamine ukwahlula iintlawulo zovavanyo 50/50. Yenza oku njengotyalo-mali lwentsebenziswano yexesha elide-ababoneleli bayaxhamla ekugcineni abathengi abathobela i-EU, ngelixa unciphisa iindleko zesiqulatho ngasinye. Umthengisi ophakathi ongenisa izikhongozeli ezingama-20/ngonyaka unokonga i-€20,000–€40,000 ngonyaka ngale modeli.

2. Ukudityaniswa kweBatch

Dibanisa iiodolo ezincinci ezininzi (umz., 2–3 20ft izikhongozeli) kwisikhongozeli esinye esingama-40ft ukuze sivavanywe. IiLebhu zihlawulisa i-15-20% ngaphantsi kwiimpahla ezithunyelwayo ezidityanisiweyo, njengoko isampulu kunye nokulungiswa kuhlengahlengiswa. Oku kusebenza ngcono kwizinto zamaxesha onyaka ezifana neetreyi zokutya, apho ixesha lokuodola linokulungelelaniswa.

3. Iikhontrakthi zeLab zeminyaka emininzi

Tshixa amaxabiso ngelebhu evunyiweyo (umzekelo, AFNOR, SGS) iminyaka eyi-1-2. Abathengi bekhontrakthi badla ngokufumana i-10-15% yezaphulelo kwimirhumo yovavanyo kunye nokusetyenzwa okuphambili. Umzekelo, ikhontrakthi yeminyaka emi-2 kunye ne-Eurofins yezikhongozeli ezingama-50/ngonyaka inciphisa iindleko zovavanyo ngalunye ukusuka kwi-3,000 ukuya kwi-€2,550—i-€22,500 iyonke yokonga .

4. Imirhumo yokuNcitshiswa koMngcipheko woKwaliwa