Umgaqo woQhagamshelwano lokutya we-EU ka-2025 (Umda weFormaldehyde 15mg/kg): Isicwangciso seSatifikethi se-EN 14362-1 seMelamine Tableware esipheleleyo (kunye nokwabelana ngeendleko zovavanyo)

Kubathengisi be-B2B abathengisa izinto zetafile ze-melamine ezininzi abangenisa kwi-EU, u-2025 uphawula utshintsho olubalulekileyo ekuthobeleni imithetho. Umthetho ohlaziyiweyo weKhomishini yaseYurophu wezixhobo zokunxibelelana nokutya—onciphisa umda we-formaldehyde specific migration limit (SML) ukuya kwi-15mg/kg kwiimveliso ze-melamine—sele ubangele ukwanda kokungamkeleki kwemida: ukusukela ngo-Okthobha 2025, i-Ireland yodwa ibambe ukuthunyelwa kwe-14 egcweleyo kwezitya ze-melamine ezingathobeli mithetho, apho ukubanjwa ngakunye kubiza abangenisi umyinge we-€12,000 kwiintlawulo kunye neentlawulo zokulahla.

Kubathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi abalawula ii-odolo ezinkulu (iiyunithi ezingaphezu kwama-5,000 kwisikhongozeli ngasinye), ukuhamba ngenkqubo yokuqinisekiswa kwe-EN 14362-1 enyanzelekileyo ngelixa ukulawula iindleko zovavanyo ngoku kuyinto ephambili. Esi sikhokelo sichaza iimfuno zemithetho emitsha, indlela yokusebenza yokuqinisekiswa kwenyathelo ngenyathelo, kunye namaqhinga okwabelana ngeendleko asebenzayo alungiselelwe imisebenzi emininzi.

Ummiselo we-EU ka-2025: Oko Abathengi Abaninzi Abafanele Bakwazi

Uhlengahlengiso luka-2025Ummiselo we-EC (i-EU) No 10/2011Imele uhlaziyo olungqongqo kwimigangatho ye-melamine tableware kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, oluqhutywa kukuxhalaba okukhula malunga nemingcipheko yokuchatshazelwa yi-formaldehyde ixesha elide. Kwabangenisa iimveliso ezininzi kwamanye amazwe, utshintsho oluthathu oluphambili lufuna ingqwalaselo ekhawulezileyo:

Ukuqinisa umda weFormaldehyde: I-SML ye-formaldehyde yehla ukusuka kwi-20mg/kg yangaphambili ukuya kwi-15mg/kg—ukuncipha kwe-25%. Oku kusebenza kuzo zonke izitya ze-melamine, kuquka izinto ezinemibala neziprintiweyo ezithengiswa rhoqo kwiibhetshi ezithengiswa ngobuninzi.

Ububanzi boVavanyo oLwandisiweyo: Ngaphaya kwe-formaldehyde, i-EN 14362-1 ngoku iyalela ukuba kuvavanywe ii-aromatic amines eziphambili (i-PAA) kwi-≤0.01mg/kg kunye neentsimbi ezinzima (i-lead ≤0.01mg/kg, i-cadmium ≤0.005mg/kg) kwiimveliso ezinemibala.

Ulungelelwaniso lwe-REACH: I-Melamine icingelwa ukuba ifakwe kwi-Annex XIV ye-REACH (Uluhlu lweMvume). Abathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi ngoku kufuneka bagcine iirekhodi zesatifikethi kangangeminyaka eli-10 ukuze babonakalise ukuba izinto azibonakali.

“Ixabiso lokungathobeli imithetho liphindwe kabini ngo-2025,” utshilo uMaria Lopez, umlawuli wokuthobela imithetho kwinkampani ephambili yokuhambisa ukutya e-EU. “Isikhongozeli esinye esilahliweyo sinokutshabalalisa inzuzo yeenyanga ezi-3 kwimigca ye-melamine. Abathengi abaninzi abanakukwazi ukuphatha isiqinisekiso njengento ecingelwayo.”

 

Isatifikethi se-EN 14362-1 sokuThunyelwa kweZikhongozeli eziGcweleyo

I-EN 14362-1 ngumgangatho onyanzelekileyo we-EU wokuvavanya izixhobo zokudibanisa ukutya eziqulethe iidayi kunye neengubo—ezibalulekileyo kwitafile ye-melamine eninzi, edla ngokuba noyilo oluprintiweyo okanye ukugqitywa okunemibala. Ngokungafaniyo novavanyo lwemveliso nganye, ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhongozeli esipheleleyo kufuna inkqubo yokuvavanya isampuli kunye noxwebhu olucwangcisiweyo ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezimeleyo. Nantsi indlela yokusebenza egxile kwinani elikhulu:

1. Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kovavanyo (Iiveki 1-2)

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise uvavanyo, vumelana nomenzi wakho kwiinkcukacha ezimbini ezibalulekileyo:

Ukungaguquguquki kwezinto eziphathekayo: Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iiyunithi ezikwisikhongozeli zisebenzisa iibhetshi ze-melamine resin ezifanayo kunye nezinto zokufaka imibala. Iibhetshi ezixutyiweyo zifuna uvavanyo olwahlukileyo, nto leyo enyusa iindleko ngama-40–60%.

Amaxwebhu: Qinisekisa uluhlu oluneenkcukacha zezinto (i-BOM) kuquka umthengisi we-resin, iinkcukacha zedayi, kunye nemihla yokuveliswa—ezifunekayo kwiilabhoratri ezifana ne-SGS kunye ne-Eurofins ukuqinisekisa ububanzi bovavanyo.

2. Ukusampula iSikhongozeli Esipheleleyo (Iveki 3)

I-EN 14362-1 iyalela ukuba kuthathwe iisampulu ngokusekwe kubungakanani besikhongozeli kunye nohlobo lwemveliso. Kwimithwalo ye-melamine eninzi:

Izikhongozeli eziQhelekileyo (20ft/40ft): Khipha iisampulu ezi-3 ezimele umbala/uyilo ngalunye, isampulu nganye inobunzima obuyi-1g ubuncinane. Kwizikhongozeli ezineemizobo ezingaphezulu kwe-5, vavanya kuqala iintlobo ezintathu ezinomthamo ophezulu.

Iibhetshi ezixutyiweyoUkuba udibanisa iipleyiti, izitya, kunye neetreyi, thatha isampuli yohlobo ngalunye lwemveliso ngokwahlukeneyo. Kuphephe ukuxuba imibala—iziphumo ezingaphezulu kwe-5mg/kg kuyo nayiphi na i-amine ziya kufuna uvavanyo lombala olubizayo lomntu ngamnye.

Uninzi lweelabhoratri ezivunyiweyo zibonelela ngeesampuli kwindawo ethile kumazibuko (umz., eRotterdam, eHamburg) nge-€200–€350 ngesikhongozeli ngasinye, nto leyo ephelisa ukulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa kweesampuli kwiindawo ezikude.

3. IiProtokholi zoVavanyo oluPhambili (Iiveki 4-6)

Iilebhu zibeka phambili iimvavanyo ezine ezibalulekileyo ukuze zihlangabezane nemimiselo ka-2025:

Ukufuduka kweFormaldehyde: Ukusebenzisa izinyibilikisi zokutya ezilinganisiweyo (umz., i-3% ye-acetic acid yokutya okune-asidi), ilinganiswa nge-HPLC. Iziphumo akufuneki zidlule kwi-15mg/kg.

Ii-Amines eziPhambili zeAromatic (PAA): Ivavanywe nge-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komda we-0.01mg/kg.

Iintsimbi Ezinzima: I-Lead, i-cadmium, kunye ne-antimony (≤600mg/kg ye-melamine enemibala) zilinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Ukukhawuleza kombala: Amaxabiso e-ΔE (ukufuduka kombala) kufuneka abe <3.0 ngokwe-ISO 11674 ukuze kuthintelwe amabango okutshintsha kombala wokutya.

Iphakheji yovavanyo egcwele isikhongozeli idla ngokubiza i-€2,000–€4,000, kuxhomekeke kwinani leemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nexesha lokutshintsha kwelebhu (inkonzo yokungxama yongeza i-30% kwimirhumo).

4. Amaxwebhu eSatifikethi kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho (Iiveki 7-8)

Emva kokuphumelela iimvavanyo, uza kufumana amaxwebhu amabini abalulekileyo:

Ingxelo yoVavanyo lohlobo lwe-EC: Isebenza iminyaka emi-2, oku kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwe-EU 10/2011 kunye ne-EN 14362-1.

I-SDS (Iphepha leDatha yoKhuseleko): Kufuneka phantsi kwe-REACH ukuba umxholo we-melamine udlula ubunzima be-0.1%.

Gcina iikopi zedijithali kwi-portal ekwabelwana ngayo nomthengisi wakho werhafu—ukulibaziseka ekuveliseni la maxwebhu yeyona nto iphambili ekubambeni iikhonteyina.

Amaqhinga Okwabelana Ngeendleko Ngobuninzi: Nciphisa Iindleko ngama-30–50%

Kubathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi abalawula iikhonteyina ezingaphezu kwe-10 ngonyaka, iindleko zokuvavanya zinokunyuka ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zicwangciso ziqinisekisiweyo kushishino zinciphisa umthwalo wemali ngelixa zigcina ukuthobela imithetho:

1. Ukwahlulahlula iindleko phakathi koMvelisi noMthumeli-uMthengisi

Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo: Thetha nomenzi wakho we-melamine ukuze wahlule imirhumo yovavanyo nge-50/50. Yibeke le nto njengotyalo-mali lwentsebenziswano yexesha elide—abathengisi bayazuza ngokugcina abathengi abathobela i-EU, ngelixa wena unciphisa iindleko zesikhongozeli ngasinye. Umthengisi ophakathi ongenisa izikhongozeli ezingama-20 ngonyaka unokonga i-€20,000–€40,000 ngonyaka ngale modeli.

2. Ukudityaniswa kweBatch

Hlanganisa ii-odolo ezincinci ezininzi (umz., izikhongozeli ezi-2–3 ezingama-20ft) kwisikhongozeli esinye esingama-40ft ukuze kuvavanywe. Iilebhu zihlawulisa ngaphantsi nge-15–20% kwiimpahla ezidityanisiweyo, njengoko iisampulu kunye nokucutshungulwa kwempahla kulula. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kwizinto zexesha elithile ezifana neetreyi zokutya, apho ixesha loku-odola linokulungelelaniswa.

3. Iikhontrakthi zeLebhu zeMinyaka emininzi

Valela amaxabiso ngelebhu evunyiweyo (umz., i-AFNOR, i-SGS) kangangeminyaka eli-1 ukuya kweyesi-2. Abathengi abakhontrakthi badla ngokufumana izaphulelo ze-10-15% kwiintlawulo zovavanyo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, isivumelwano seminyaka emi-2 ne-Eurofins sezikhongozeli ezingama-50 ngonyaka sinciphisa iindleko zovavanyo ngalunye ukusuka kwi-€3,000 ukuya kwi-€2,550—imali iyonke yokonga eyi-€22,500.

4. Iintlawulo zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokwaliwa