Kune vatengesi veB2B vanopinza midziyo yekubikira ine melamine yakawanda muEU, gore ra2025 rinova danho guru rekutevedzera mitemo. Mutemo weEuropean Commission wezvinhu zvekubata chikafu wakagadziridzwa—uchideredza muganho we formaldehyde specific migration limit (SML) kusvika pa15mg/kg yezvigadzirwa zve melamine—wakatokonzera kuwedzera kwekuramba kurambidzwa kwemiganhu: kubva muna Gumiguru 2025, Ireland chete yakambosunga midziyo yekubikira ine melamine yakazara 14, uye kubatwa kwega kwega kwaidhura vanopinza avhareji ye €12,000 mufaindi nemari yekurasa.
Kune vatengesi vakawanda vanogadzira maodha akawanda (mayuniti anopfuura zviuru zvishanu pamudziyo mumwe chete), kushandisa EN 14362-1 certification process yekudzora mitengo yekuyedza ikozvino yava chinhu chakakosha. Gwaro iri rinopa ruzivo nezvemitemo mitsva, nhanho nhanho yekufambisa certification, uye nzira dzekugovana mitengo dzakagadzirirwa mashandiro akawanda.
Mutemo weEU wa2025: Zvinofanira Kuzivikanwa neVatengi Vakawanda
Chigadziro che2025 cheMutemo weEC (EU) Nhamba 10/2011ndiyo yave iri kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya kune zvinodiwa zve melamine tableware mumakore gumi apfuura, zvichikonzerwa nekunetseka kuri kukura pamusoro penjodzi dzenguva refu dzekusvibiswa ne formaldehyde. Kune vanotenga zvinhu zvakawanda, shanduko nhatu huru dzinoda kutariswa nekukurumidza:
Kusimbisa Muganho weFormaldehyde: SML ye formaldehyde inodonha kubva pa20mg/kg yapfuura kusvika pa15mg/kg—kudzikira kwe25%. Izvi zvinoshanda kune zvese zvigadzirwa zve melamine, kusanganisira zvinhu zvine ruvara uye zvakadhindwa zvinowanzo kutengeswa muzvitoro zvakawanda.
Kuwanda Kwekuyedza Kwakawedzerwa: Pamusoro pe formaldehyde, EN 14362-1 ikozvino inorayira kuti paitwe bvunzo dze primary aromatic amines (PAA) pa ≤0.01mg/kg uye heavy metals (lead ≤0.01mg/kg, cadmium ≤0.005mg/kg) dzezvigadzirwa zvine mavara.
Kurongeka kweREACH: Melamine iri kufungwa kuti inyorwe muREACH's Annex XIV (Authorization List). Vatengesi vezvitoro vanofanirwa kuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvezvitupa kwemakore gumi kuti varatidze pachena kwecheni yekugovera.
"Mutengo wekusatevedzera mitemo wakapetwa kaviri muna 2025," anodaro Maria Lopez, director wezvemitemo kukambani inotungamira mukupa chikafu muEU. "Chirongo chimwe chete chakarambwa chinogona kubvisa purofiti yemwedzi mitatu pamitsetse yemelamine. Vatengi vakawanda havagone kuona chitupa sechinhu chakaitwa mushure mezvo."
Nhanho neNhanho EN 14362-1 Chitupa Chekutumira Zvine Mudziyo Wakazara
EN 14362-1 ndiyo mwero weEU wekuyedza zvinhu zvinosangana nechikafu zvine madhayi nependi—zvakakosha pamidziyo yekubikira yemelamine yakawanda, iyo inowanzo kuve nemadhizaini akadhindwa kana kupedzwa nemavara. Kusiyana nekuongororwa kwechigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe, kupihwa chitupa chemugaba wakazara kunoda kuti pave nemaitiro akarongwa ekutora sampuro uye magwaro ekunyora kuti pave nemhedzisiro inomiririra. Heino nzira yekushanda inotarisa kune wese munhu:
1. Kugadzirira Kuongororwa Pamberi (Vhiki 1–2)
Usati watanga kuyedza, bvumirana nemugadziri wako pazvinhu zviviri zvakakosha:
Kuenderana Kwezvinhu: Simbisa kuti mayuniti ese ari mumudziyo anoshandisa mabheti akafanana emelamine resin uye madhayi. Mabheti akasanganiswa anoda kuyedzwa kwakasiyana, zvichiwedzera mitengo ne40–60%.
Magwaro: Chengetedza bhiri rezvinhu zvakatsanangurwa (BOM) kusanganisira mutengesi we resin, dhayi, uye mazuva ekugadzirwa—zvinodiwa nemarabhoritari akadai seSGS neEurofins kuti zvionekwe kuti bvunzo dziri kushanda sei.
2. Kuenzanisa Zvine Mudziyo Wakazara (Vhiki 3)
EN 14362-1 inorayira kutora sampuro zvichienderana nehukuru hwemidziyo uye mhando yezvigadzirwa. Kune vanhu vanotumira melamine yakawanda:
Matangi Akajairika (20ft/40ft): Bvisai sampuli nhatu dzinomirira ruvara/dhizaini, imwe neimwe ichirema kanenge 1g. Pamidziyo ine magadzirirwo anopfuura mashanu, edzai mhando nhatu dzemhando yepamusoro kutanga.
Mabhatani Akasanganiswa: Kana uchisanganisa ndiro, ndiro, nematireyi, edza mhando yega yega yechigadzirwa zvakasiyana. Dzivisa kusanganisa mavara—mhedzisiro iri pamusoro pe5mg/kg yeamine chero ipi zvayo inoda kuyedzwa kwemavara kunodhura.
Mazhinji emarabhoritari ane mukurumbira anopa sampuli panzvimbo pacho pachiteshi (semuenzaniso, Rotterdam, Hamburg) mutengo we €200– €350 pamudziyo mumwe chete, zvichibvisa kunonoka kwekutumira sampuro kunzvimbo dziri kure.
3. Maitiro Ekuongorora Muviri (Vhiki 4–6)
Marabhoritari anokoshesa bvunzo ina dzakakosha kuti dzizadzise mitemo ya2025:
Kutama kweFormaldehyde: Kushandisa zvinonyungudutsa chikafu zvakaedzwa (semuenzaniso, 3% acetic acid yekudya zvine acidic), zvakayerwa kuburikidza neHPLC. Mhedzisiro haifanirwe kudarika 15mg/kg.
MaAmine Anonyanya Kunhuhwirira (PAA): Yakaedzwa kuburikidza negas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoenderana nemuganhu we0.01mg/kg.
Simbi Dzinorema: Lead, cadmium, uye antimony (≤600mg/kg ye melamine ine mavara) zvinoyerwa uchishandisa atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Kukurumidza Kuona Ruvara: ΔE values (kuchinja kwemavara) inofanira kunge iri <3.0 pa ISO 11674 kudzivirira zvicherwa zvekusachinja ruvara.
Pakeji yekuyedza ine mudziyo wakazara inowanzoita €2,000–€4,000, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemhando dzezvigadzirwa uye nguva yekugadziriswa kwerabhoritari (basa rekumhanyisa rinowedzera 30% pamari).
4. Magwaro eChitupa & Kutevedzera Mutemo (Vhiki 7–8)
Kana wapasa bvunzo, uchagamuchira magwaro maviri akakosha:
Mushumo weEC Type-Test: Inoshanda kwemakore maviri, izvi zvinosimbisa kutevedzera EU 10/2011 uye EN 14362-1.
SDS (Pepa reDzidziso Yekuchengetedza): Zvinodiwa pasi peREACH kana huwandu hwe melamine hunopfuura 0.1% nehuremu.
Chengeta makopi edhijitari mu portal inogovaniswa nemutengesi wemitero yako—kunonoka kugadzira magwaro aya ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuchengetwa kwemakontena.
Maitiro Ekugovana Mari Nekuyedza Kwakawanda: Deredza Mari Inoshandiswa Ne30–50%
Kune vatengesi vanotengesa zvinhu zvakawanda vanotarisira makontena anodarika gumi pagore, mitengo yekuyedza inogona kukwira nekukurumidza. Maitiro aya akasimbiswa neindasitiri anoderedza mutoro wemari ukuwo achichengetedza kutevedzera mitemo:
1. Kupatsanurana Kwemari Yemugadziri Nemutengesi
Nzira inonyanya kushandiswa: Kurukurai nemugadziri we melamine yenyu kuti mugovane mari yekuyedza 50/50. Itai izvi semari yekudyidzana kwenguva refu—vatengesi vanobatsirwa nekuchengeta vatengi vanotevedzera EU, ukuwo muchideredza mari yekutenga chimwe nechimwe. Mutengesi wepakati anotenga makontena makumi maviri pagore anogona kuchengetedza €20,000–€40,000 pagore nemuenzaniso uyu.
2. Kubatanidzwa kweBatch
Sanganisa maodha madiki akawanda (semuenzaniso, midziyo 2–3 ye 20ft) mumudziyo mumwe chete we 40ft kuti uedzwe. Marabhoritari anobhadharisa 15–20% pasi pekutumira zvinhu zvakabatanidzwa, sezvo kutora sampuli nekugadzirisa zvinhu zviri nyore. Izvi zvinoshanda zvakanyanya pazvinhu zvemwaka zvakaita sematireyi ekubikisa, uko nguva yekuodha inogona kurongeka.
3. Zvibvumirano zveLabhoritari zveMakore Akawanda
Isa mitengo nerabhoritari ine mvumo (semuenzaniso, AFNOR, SGS) kwemakore 1-2. Vatengi vekondirakiti vanowanzo gamuchira zvidzikiso zve10-15% pamari yekuyedza uye kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvakakosha. Semuenzaniso, kondirakiti yemakore maviri neEurofins yemakontena makumi mashanu pagore inoderedza mari yekuyedza paga yega kubva pa€3,000 kusvika ku€2,550—mari yese yakachengetwa ye€22,500.
4. Mari dzekuderedza Njodzi dzekurambwa
Vhiki 31-60: Ita bvunzo dzekuedza pane imwe mudziyo kuti uone mipata yekugadzira (semuenzaniso, formaldehyde yakawandisa kubva mu resin isina kunaka).
Vhiki 61–90: Dzidzisai timu yenyu yezvekufambisa zvinhu kuti ipe mishumo yeEC yekuyedza pamwe chete nezviziviso zvecustoms, uye ongororai kuwanikwa kweresin nemutengesi wenyu kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti REACH yakabatana.
Nezvedu
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-13-2025