Te Ture Whakapā Kai a te EU 2025 (Te Herenga Formaldehyde 15mg/kg): Mahere Tiwhikete EN 14362-1 mō ngā Taonga Tēpu Melamine Papatipu Ipu Katoa (me te Tiritiri Utu Whakamātautau)

Mō ngā kaihokohoko rarahi B2B e kawemai ana i ngā taputapu melamine nui ki te EU, ko te tau 2025 he wā tino nui ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Ko te ture hou a te Komihana o Ūropi mō ngā rauemi whakapā kai—te whakaiti i te rohe hekenga motuhake ki te formaldehyde (SML) ki te 15mg/kg mō ngā hua melamine—kua whakaoho kē i te pikinga o ngā whakakorenga rohe: tae noa ki Oketopa 2025, kua puritia e Airana anake te 14 ngā uta ipu-katoa o ngā taputapu melamine kāore i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ā, ko ia hopukanga he utu toharite mō ngā kawemai he €12,000 i roto i ngā whiu me ngā utu whakakorenga.

Mō ngā kaihokohoko rarahi e whakahaere ana i ngā ota nui (neke atu i te 5,000 waeine mō ia ipu), ko te whakatere i te tukanga tiwhikete EN 14362-1 me te whakahaere i ngā utu whakamātautau he kaupapa matua inaianei, he mea nui rānei. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei aratohu ngā whakaritenga ture hou, te tukanga tiwhikete taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa, me ngā rautaki tiritiri utu mahi e hāngai ana ki ngā mahi papatipu.

Te Ture a te EU mō te tau 2025: Ngā Mea e Hiahiatia ana kia Mōhiotia e ngā Kaihoko Nui

Te whakatikatika o te tau 2025 kiTure EC (EU) Nama 10/2011Ko te whakahoutanga tino pakari tēnei ki ngā paerewa melamine i roto i te tekau tau, nā te tipu haere o ngā āwangawanga mō ngā mōrearea roa o te formaldehyde. Mō ngā kaihoko kawemai nui, e toru ngā huringa matua e hiahia ana kia arohia tonutia:

Te Whakawhāiti i te Here o te FormaldehydeKua heke te SML mō te formaldehyde mai i te 20mg/kg o mua ki te 15mg/kg—he whakahekenga 25%. E pā ana tēnei ki ngā taputapu melamine katoa, tae atu ki ngā taonga tae me ngā taonga tā e hokona whānuitia ana i roto i ngā puranga rarawe.

Whānuitanga o te Whānuitanga o te WhakamātautauHaunga te formaldehyde, e whakahau ana te EN 14362-1 i te whakamātautau mō ngā amine kakara tuatahi (PAA) i te ≤0.01mg/kg me ngā konganuku taumaha (mata ≤0.01mg/kg, cadmium ≤0.005mg/kg) mō ngā hua tae.

Whakaritenga REACHKei te whakaarohia te melamine kia whakaurua ki roto i te Tāpiritanga XIV (Rārangi Whakamanatanga) a REACH. Me pupuri e ngā kaihokohoko rarahi ngā rekoata tiwhikete mō ngā tau 10 hei whakaatu i te mārama o te mekameka tuku.

"Kua piki rua te utu mō te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga i te tau 2025," te kī a Maria Lopez, te kaiwhakahaere tutuki i ngā whakaritenga i tētahi kaiwhakarato ratonga kai matua o te EU. "Ka taea e te ipu kotahi i whakakahoretia te whakakore i ngā hua mō ngā marama e 3 i runga i ngā raina melamine. Kāore e taea e ngā kaihoko rahi te whakaaro ki te tiwhikete hei whakaaro whakamutunga."

 

Tiwhikete EN 14362-1 Hipanga-i-te-Hipanga mō ngā Tukunga Ipu-Katoa

Ko te EN 14362-1 te paerewa ā-ture a te EU mō te whakamātautau i ngā rauemi e pā ana ki te kai kei roto ngā tae me ngā paninga—he mea nui mō ngā rihi melamine papatipu, he maha ngā wā he hoahoa tā, he whakaotinga tae rānei. Kāore i rite ki te whakamātautau hua takitahi, ko te tiwhikete ipu-katoa e hiahia ana ki tētahi tukanga tauira me te tuhi kua whakaritea hei whakarite i ngā hua e whakaatu ana. Anei te tukanga mahi e aro ana ki te rarawe:

1. Te Whakarite i mua i te Whakamātautau (Wiki 1–2)

I mua i te tīmatanga o te whakamātautau, me whakarite he kōrero ki tō kaihanga mō ngā taipitopito matua e rua:

Te ōritetanga o ngā rauemiWhakaūtia kei te whakamahia e ngā waeine katoa i roto i te ipu ngā puranga kapia melamine me ngā tae ōrite. Me whakamātautau motuhake ngā puranga whakauru, ka piki ake ngā utu mā te 40–60%.

Ngā tuhingaWhakaritea he pire rauemi taipitopito (BOM) tae atu ki te kaiwhakarato kapia, ngā whakaritenga tae, me ngā rā whakaputa—e hiahiatia ana e ngā taiwhanga pēnei i a SGS me Eurofins hei whakamana i te whānuitanga whakamātautau.

2. Te Whakamātautau Ipu Katoa (Wiki 3)

E whakahau ana te EN 14362-1 kia tangohia he tauira i runga i te rahi o te ipu me te momo hua. Mō ngā tuku melamine papatipu:

Ngā Ipu Paerewa (20 putu/40 putu)Tangohia kia 3 ngā tauira mō ia tae/hoahoa, kia 1 karamu te iti rawa o te taumaha o ia tauira. Mō ngā ipu he >5 ngā hoahoa, whakamātauria ngā momo e 3 e nui rawa ana te rahinga i te tuatahi.

Ngā Puranga WhakaranuKi te whakakotahi i ngā pereti, ngā peihana, me ngā paepae, whakamātauria ia momo hua motuhake. Kaua e whakaranua ngā tae—mēnā he nui ake i te 5mg/kg ngā hua mō tētahi amine, me utu nui te whakamātautau tae takitahi.

Ko te nuinga o ngā taiwhanga whaimana e tuku ana i te kohi tauira i te papaanga i ngā tauranga (hei tauira, Rotterdam, Hamburg) mō te €200–€350 mō ia ipu, ā, ka kore e roa te tuku tauira ki ngā whare tawhiti.

3. Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau Matua (Wiki 4–6)

E whā ngā whakamātautau matua e whakaritea ana e ngā taiwhanga hei whakatutuki i ngā ture o te tau 2025:

Te Hekenga o te FormaldehydeMā te whakamahi i ngā whakarewa kai whaihanga (hei tauira, 3% waikawa acetic mō ngā kai waikawa), ka inehia mā te HPLC. Kaua ngā hua e neke ake i te 15mg/kg.

Ngā Amine Kakara Tuatahi (PAA)I whakamātauria mā te chromatography hau-spectrometry papatipu (GC-MS) hei whakarite kia tutuki i te rohenga 0.01mg/kg.

Ngā konganuku taumahaKa inehia te mata, te cadmium, me te antimony (≤600mg/kg mō te melamine tae) mā te whakamahi i te mātai mimiti ngota.

Te Mau tonu o te TaeMe iti iho i te 3.0 ngā uara ΔE (hekenga tae) i ia ISO 11674 hei karo i ngā kereme kua rerekē te tae o te kai.

Ko te utu mō tētahi kete whakamātautau ipu-katoa he €2,000–€4,000, i runga i te maha o ngā momo hua me te wā whakaoti taiwhanga (ka tāpirihia e te ratonga tere te 30% ki ngā utu).

4. Ngā Tuhinga Tiwhikete me te Whakatutukitanga (Wiki 7–8)

Kia oti i a koe ngā whakamātautau, ka whiwhi koe i ngā tuhinga matua e rua:

Pūrongo Whakamātautau Momo ECE rua tau te roa o te whai mana, e whakaū ana tēnei i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te EU 10/2011 me te EN 14362-1.

SDS (Pepa Raraunga Haumaru): E hiahiatia ana i raro i te REACH mēnā he nui ake te ihirangi melamine i te 0.1% te taumaha.

Penapenahia ngā tārua matihiko ki roto i tētahi tomokanga tiritahi me tō kaihoko tikanga tāke—ko ngā whakaroa ki te whakaputa i ēnei tuhinga te tino take o ngā pupuri ipu.

Ngā Rautaki Tiritiri Utu Whakamātautau Papatipu: Whakaitihia ngā Whakapaunga mā te 30–50%

Mō ngā kaihokohoko rarahi e whakahaere ana i ngā ipu neke atu i te 10 i ia tau, ka tere te piki o ngā utu whakamātautau. Mā ēnei rautaki kua whakamātauhia e te umanga ka whakaitihia te taumahatanga pūtea me te pupuri tonu i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga:

1. Te Wehewehenga Utu a te Kaihanga-Kawemai

Ko te huarahi tino noa: Whiriwhiria me tō kaihanga melamine kia wehewehea ngā utu whakamātautau 50/50. Whakaarohia tēnei hei haumitanga hononga roa—ka whai hua ngā kaiwhakarato mā te pupuri i ngā kaihoko e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga a te EU, ā, ka whakaitihia e koe ngā utu mō ia ipu. Ka taea e te kaihokohoko rahi-waenga e kawemai ana i te 20 ipu/tau te penapena €20,000–€40,000 ia tau me tēnei tauira.

2. Whakakotahitanga Puranga

Whakakotahitia ngā ota iti maha (hei tauira, 2–3 ipu 20 putu te roa) ki roto i te ipu kotahi 40 putu te roa hei whakamātautau. He 15–20% te iti iho o te utu a ngā taiwhanga mō ngā tuku whakakotahi, nā te mea ka māmā ake te whakatauira me te tukatuka. He pai ake tēnei mō ngā taonga o te wā pēnei i ngā paepae kai, ka taea te whakarite i te wā ota.

3. Ngā Kirimana Taiwhanga Maha-Tau

Maukatihia ngā utu ki tētahi taiwhanga whaimana (hei tauira, AFNOR, SGS) mō te 1–2 tau. Ko ngā kiritaki kirimana ka whiwhi i ngā hekenga 10–15% mō ngā utu whakamātautau me te tukatuka matua. Hei tauira, ko te kirimana 2-tau me Eurofins mō te 50 ipu/tau ka whakaiti i ngā utu mō ia whakamātautau mai i te €3,000 ki te €2,550—he penapena katoa €22,500.

4. Ngā Utu Whakaiti i te Mōrearea Whakakorenga