Rau cov lag luam wholesale B2B uas xa cov khoom siv melamine ntau mus rau hauv EU, xyoo 2025 yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb rau kev ua raws li txoj cai. Txoj cai tshiab ntawm European Commission txog cov khoom siv sib cuag nrog zaub mov - txo qhov txwv tsis pub muaj formaldehyde (SML) mus rau 15mg / kg rau cov khoom melamine - twb tau ua rau muaj kev tsis lees txais ntawm ciam teb: txij li Lub Kaum Hli 2025, Ireland ib leeg tau ntes 14 lub thawv xa khoom puv ntawm cov khoom siv melamine uas tsis ua raws li txoj cai, nrog rau txhua qhov kev ntes ua rau cov neeg xa khoom raug nqi nruab nrab ntawm € 12,000 hauv kev nplua thiab cov nqi pov tseg.
Rau cov lag luam wholesale uas tswj cov xaj loj (5,000+ units ib lub thawv), kev siv cov txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj EN 14362-1 uas yuav tsum tau ua thaum tswj cov nqi kuaj tam sim no yog qhov tseem ceeb. Phau ntawv qhia no piav qhia txog cov kev cai tshiab, cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab cov tswv yim sib koom them nqi uas ua tau raws li kev ua haujlwm ntau.
Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Xyoo 2025 ntawm EU: Yam Uas Cov Neeg Yuav Khoom Loj Yuav Tsum Paub
Txoj cai hloov kho xyoo 2025 rauTxoj Cai EC (EU) No 10/2011sawv cev rau qhov kev hloov kho tshiab nruj tshaj plaws rau cov qauv melamine tableware hauv ib xyoo caum, tsav los ntawm kev txhawj xeeb ntau ntxiv txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm formaldehyde mus sij hawm ntev. Rau cov neeg xa khoom ntau, peb qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb xav tau kev saib xyuas tam sim ntawd:
Kev txwv tsis pub formaldehyde nrujTus nqi SML rau formaldehyde poob qis los ntawm 20mg/kg yav dhau los mus rau 15mg/kg—uas yog 25% txo qis. Qhov no siv rau txhua yam khoom siv melamine, suav nrog cov khoom muaj xim thiab cov khoom luam tawm uas feem ntau muag ua pawg lag luam wholesale.
Kev Ntsuas NtxivTshaj li formaldehyde, EN 14362-1 tam sim no yuam kom kuaj cov tshuaj amines aromatic thawj zaug (PAA) ntawm ≤0.01mg/kg thiab cov hlau hnyav (lead ≤0.01mg/kg, cadmium ≤0.005mg/kg) rau cov khoom muaj xim.
Kev Sib Haum Xeeb ntawm REACH: Melamine tab tom raug txiav txim siab kom suav nrog hauv REACH's Annex XIV (Daim Ntawv Tso Cai). Cov neeg muag khoom lag luam wholesale tam sim no yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau 10 xyoo los ua pov thawj tias cov khoom xa tuaj tau pom tseeb.
"Tus nqi ntawm kev tsis ua raws li txoj cai tau nce ob npaug hauv xyoo 2025," Maria Lopez, tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua raws li txoj cai ntawm lub tuam txhab faib khoom noj khoom haus hauv EU tau hais. "Ib lub thawv uas raug tsis lees txais tuaj yeem rhuav tshem 3 lub hlis ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov kab melamine. Cov neeg yuav khoom ntau tsis tuaj yeem xav txog daim ntawv pov thawj ua ib qho kev xav tom qab."
Cov Kauj Ruam-rau-Kauj Ruam EN 14362-1 Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj rau Kev Xa Khoom Tag Nrho Lub Thawv
EN 14362-1 yog tus qauv yuav tsum tau ua ntawm EU rau kev kuaj cov khoom siv sib cuag nrog zaub mov uas muaj cov xim thiab cov tshuaj pleev xim - qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv melamine ntau, uas feem ntau muaj cov qauv luam tawm lossis cov xim tiav. Tsis zoo li kev kuaj cov khoom ib leeg, daim ntawv pov thawj puv thawv xav tau cov txheej txheem kuaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kom ntseeg tau tias cov txiaj ntsig sawv cev. Nov yog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm lag luam wholesale:
1. Kev Npaj Ua Ntej Kev Xeem (Lub Limtiam 1–2)
Ua ntej pib kev sim, nrog koj tus neeg tsim khoom sib tham txog ob qho tseem ceeb:
Cov Khoom Siv Sib Xws: Xyuas kom tseeb tias txhua chav nyob hauv lub thawv siv cov khoom sib xyaw melamine resin thiab cov xim zoo sib xws. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum tau kuaj sib cais, ua rau tus nqi nce ntxiv 40–60%.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawjUa kom tau daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv kom ntxaws (BOM) suav nrog cov neeg muag khoom siv resin, cov lus qhia txog cov xim zas, thiab hnub tsim khoom - xav tau los ntawm cov chaw soj nstuam xws li SGS thiab Eurofins los xyuas kom meej qhov kev xeem.
2. Kev Kuaj Khoom Hauv Thawv Tag Nrho (Lub Limtiam 3)
EN 14362-1 yuam kom kuaj raws li qhov loj ntawm lub thawv thiab ntau yam khoom. Rau kev xa khoom melamine ntau:
Cov Thawv Txheem (20ft / 40ft): Rho tawm 3 cov qauv sawv cev rau ib xim/tus qauv, nrog rau txhua tus qauv hnyav tsawg kawg 1g. Rau cov thawv uas muaj ntau dua 5 tus qauv, sim 3 qhov sib txawv ntau tshaj plaws ua ntej.
Cov Khoom Sib XyawsYog tias muab cov tais, cov tais, thiab cov tais sib xyaw ua ke, kuaj txhua hom khoom sib cais. Tsis txhob sib xyaw xim - cov txiaj ntsig siab dua 5mg / kg rau txhua yam amine yuav xav tau kev kuaj xim kim heev.
Feem ntau cov chaw kuaj mob uas tau lees paub muab kev kuaj hauv chaw nres nkoj (piv txwv li, Rotterdam, Hamburg) rau € 200– € 350 ib lub thawv, tshem tawm kev ncua sijhawm xa khoom los ntawm kev xa cov qauv mus rau cov chaw nyob deb.
3. Cov Txheej Txheem Xeem Tseem Ceeb (Lub Limtiam 4–6)
Cov chaw soj nstuam muab plaub qhov kev xeem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ua kom tau raws li cov cai xyoo 2025:
Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm formaldehydeSiv cov tshuaj ua kom cov khoom noj ua qauv (piv txwv li, 3% acetic acid rau cov khoom noj uas muaj kua qaub), ntsuas los ntawm HPLC. Cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 15mg/kg.
Cov Amines Aromatic Thawj Zaug (PAA)Kuaj los ntawm kev siv roj chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) kom paub tseeb tias ua raws li qhov txwv 0.01mg/kg.
Cov Hlau HnyavCov hlau txhuas, cadmium, thiab antimony (≤600mg/kg rau melamine uas muaj xim) raug ntsuas siv atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Xim Ceev CeevCov nqi ΔE (kev hloov xim) yuav tsum yog <3.0 ib qho ISO 11674 kom tsis txhob muaj kev hais tias cov khoom noj tsis muaj xim.
Feem ntau, ib pob khoom kuaj uas muaj puv thawv yuav raug nqi €2,000–€4,000, nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg yam khoom sib txawv thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv chaw kuaj mob (kev pabcuam sai ntxiv 30% rau cov nqi).
4. Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj & Cov Ntaub Ntawv Ua Raws Cai (Lub Limtiam 7–8)
Thaum koj xeem dhau lawm, koj yuav tau txais ob daim ntawv tseem ceeb:
Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Hom Kev Ntsuas ECSiv tau 2 xyoos, qhov no lees paub tias ua raws li EU 10/2011 thiab EN 14362-1.
SDS (Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb)Yuav tsum muaj raws li REACH yog tias cov ntsiab lus melamine tshaj 0.1% los ntawm qhov hnyav.
Khaws cov ntawv theej digital rau hauv lub portal sib koom nrog koj tus neeg ua haujlwm lis kev cai - kev ncua sijhawm hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov ua rau muaj kev tuav cov thawv.
Cov Tswv Yim Sib Koom Nqi Rau Kev Kuaj Mob Ntau: Txo Cov Nqi Los Ntawm 30–50%
Rau cov lag luam wholesale uas tswj 10+ lub thawv txhua xyoo, cov nqi kuaj tuaj yeem nce siab sai. Cov tswv yim ua pov thawj hauv kev lag luam no txo cov nyiaj txiag thaum tseem ua raws li txoj cai:
1. Kev Faib Tus Nqi ntawm Chaw Tsim Khoom thiab Tus Neeg Xa Khoom Tuaj
Txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws: Sib tham nrog koj lub tuam txhab tsim khoom melamine kom faib cov nqi kuaj 50/50. Ua kom qhov no ua kev nqis peev mus sij hawm ntev - cov neeg muab khoom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev khaws cov neeg yuav khoom uas ua raws li EU, thaum koj txo cov nqi ib lub thawv. Ib lub tuam txhab lag luam wholesale nruab nrab uas xa 20 lub thawv/xyoo tuaj yeem txuag tau € 20,000– € 40,000 txhua xyoo nrog tus qauv no.
2. Kev Sib Sau Ua Ib Pawg
Muab ntau daim ntawv xaj me me (piv txwv li, 2–3 lub thawv 20ft) ua ke rau hauv ib lub thawv 40ft rau kev kuaj. Cov chaw kuaj mob them 15–20% tsawg dua rau kev xa khoom ua ke, vim tias kev kuaj thiab kev ua tiav tau yooj yim dua. Qhov no ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom raws caij nyoog xws li cov tais noj mov, qhov twg lub sijhawm xaj tuaj yeem sib phim.
3. Cov Ntawv Cog Lus Ua Haujlwm Hauv Chaw Kuaj Mob Ntau Xyoo
Xauv cov nqi nrog lub chaw kuaj mob uas tau lees paub (piv txwv li, AFNOR, SGS) rau 1-2 xyoos. Cov neeg siv khoom cog lus feem ntau tau txais 10-15% luv nqi rau cov nqi kuaj thiab kev ua tiav ua ntej. Piv txwv li, daim ntawv cog lus 2 xyoos nrog Eurofins rau 50 lub thawv / xyoo txo cov nqi kuaj ib zaug ntawm € 3,000 rau € 2,550 - tag nrho € 22,500 txuag tau.
4. Cov Nqi Them Rau Kev Txo Qhov Kev Pheej Hmoo Tsis Kam Txais
Lub Lim Tiam 31–60: Ua qhov kev sim sim rau ntawm ib lub thawv kom paub txog qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev tsim khoom (piv txwv li, muaj formaldehyde ntau dhau los ntawm cov resin tsis zoo).
Lub Limtiam 61–90: Qhia koj pab neeg logistics kom xa cov ntawv qhia txog kev xeem EC nrog cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai, thiab tshuaj xyuas koj tus neeg muag khoom cov khoom siv resin kom ntseeg tau tias REACH sib phim.
Txog Peb
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-13-2025